Macapagal (English spelling) Diosdado Macapagal

Philippine politician. Born in Pampanga province in central Luzon. Graduated from the University of St. Thomas in 1935. Became a lawyer the following year in 1936. Became a professor of law at his alma mater in 1941. After working in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1946 to 1948, he entered politics as a member of the House of Representatives in 1949. He was elected vice president as a member of the Liberal Party in 1957, but was at odds with President Garcia of the Nationalist Party. In 1961, he defeated Garcia to become president, and worked to overcome the economic crisis by liberalizing the exchange rate and enacting the Land Reform Act. In 1962, he declared sovereignty over Sabah (Borneo) and challenged the idea of ​​a Malaysian federation, and in 1963, he agreed to the "Mafilindo" idea of ​​a tripartite consultative body with Sukarno (Indonesia) and Rahman (Malaysia). He ran for reelection in 1965, but lost to Marcos of the Nationalist Party. In 1971, he was the president of the Constitutional Convention. His eldest daughter, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, also served as a senator in the country and became President of the Philippines in 2001 (until 2010).

[Yoneji Kuroyanagi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フィリピンの政治家。ルソン島中部パンパンガ州生まれ。1935年セント・トマス大学卒業。翌1936年弁護士。1941年母校で法学部教授。1946～1948年外務省勤務を経て1949年下院議員として政界入り。1957年リベラル党から副大統領に当選したが、ナショナリスタ党のガルシア大統領とは不和であった。1961年ガルシアを破り大統領に就任、為替(かわせ)自由化、農地改革法の制定など経済危機克服に努める。1962年サバ（ボルネオ島）領有を宣言し、マレーシア連邦構想に挑戦、1963年にはスカルノ（インドネシア）、ラーマン（マレーシア）とともに三国協議体たる「マフィリンド」構想に合意。1965年再選を目ざしたがナショナリスタ党のマルコスに敗退。1971年制憲会議議長。長女のグロリア・マカパガル・アロヨも同国上院議員などを経て、2001年にフィリピン大統領となった（～2010）。

［黒柳米司］

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