Opening - Kaihou (English spelling) Kāifēng

Japanese: 開封 - かいほう（英語表記）Kāifēng

A city in the Yellow River basin in northeastern Henan Province, China. It flourished as the capital of Wei during the Warring States period, also known as Bianzhou or Bianjing, and later became the capital of Liangzhou and Bianzhou, making it a major center of the Central Plains. When the Grand Canal was opened in the Sui dynasty, it became a key transportation point between the north and south, and developed further as an economic center. It also flourished as the capital of the Five Dynasties (excluding the Later Tang dynasty) and the Northern Song dynasty. Its prosperity is described in detail in Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming Shanghe Tu" and Meng Yuanlao's "Donggyong Dream Record."

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

中国河南省北東部，黄河流域にある都市。汴州 (べんしゆう) ・汴京ともいう
戦国時代の魏 (ぎ) の都大梁 (たいりよう) として繁栄し，のち梁州・汴州などが置かれ，中原 (ちゆうげん) の一大中心地であった。隋代に大運河通済渠が開かれると，南北運輸交通の要衝を占め，経済の中心地として一段と発展。また，五代（後唐を除く），さらに北宋の首都として繁栄した。その繁栄の様子は張択端 (ちようたくたん) の「清明上河図」や，孟元老の『東京夢華録 (とうけいむかろく) 』に詳しい。

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