French historian of scientific thought. Born in Taganrov, Russia, to a wealthy Jewish merchant. In 1908 he studied at the University of Göttingen, where he studied under Husserl, and in 1911 transferred to the University of Paris to continue his research. He became a naturalized French citizen, wrote "Studies on Descartes" (1922) and "Studies on Anselm" (1923), became a member of the Institute of Advanced Studies in Paris, a professor at the University of Montpellier in 1930, and head of research at the Institute of Advanced Studies in 1932. In 1939 he published "Studies on Galileo," based on empirical research. In 1940 he fled to the United States, returning to Paris in 1945, but in 1955 he became a permanent researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. His works include "From a Closed World to an Infinite Universe" (1957) and "The Astronomical Revolution" (1961), and made significant contributions to the history of science. [Ken Uchida] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの科学思想史家。ロシアのタガンロフに、富裕なユダヤ人商人の子として生まれる。1908年ゲッティンゲン大学に留学、フッサールに師事し、1911年にはパリ大学に移って研究。フランスに帰化し、『デカルト研究』(1922)、『アンセルムス研究』(1923)を著し、パリの高等研究所所員、1930年モンペリエ大学教授、1932年高等研究所研究主任。1939年実証的な研究に基づく『ガリレオ研究』を発表。1940年アメリカに亡命、1945年パリに戻るが、1955年プリンストン高等研究所常任研究員となった。『閉じた世界から無限宇宙へ』(1957)、『天文学革命』(1961)などの著作があり、科学史学に大きく寄与した。 [内田 謙] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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