Italian playwright and poet. He is said to be the pioneer of Italian romanticism. Born in Asti on January 16th. His father was a wealthy nobleman (count) from Piedmont. He lost his father soon after his birth and was sent to the Turin Military Academy at the age of nine, but he was disgusted by the old-fashioned education at the school and read literary books and loved poetry. After leaving school in 1766, he traveled to Italy, France, England, Germany, Russia, Spain, and Portugal. He returned to Turin in 1772 and spent the next three years pursuing love and writing. In 1775, he staged his first tragedy, "Cleopatra," which was a success. He went to Florence to learn the Tuscan language used by Italian classical writers, and read Dante, Petrarch, Ariosto, Tasso, and others, and wrote many works in Italian. He read Machiavelli there and was encouraged to write a tragedy on the theme of the Pazzi Conspiracy, but instead wrote a political treatise called "On Despotism." In 1777 he met Louisa Stolberg, Countess of Albany. During the following, his most productive years, he traveled to England (1783-1784) and France (1787-1792). In Paris he began to write his Autobiography and compiled new editions of his tragedies (19 of them), of which Saul and Milla are his greatest works. He witnessed the outbreak of the French Revolution there and wrote the poem Paris without the Bastille (1789). However, he became disillusioned and critical of the revolution, which was drowned in violence and bloodshed. In 1792 he returned to Florence with Madame Stolberg. In his later years he taught himself Greek, read Greek tragedies, Homer, Aristophanes, and wrote satirical poems and comedies. He died on October 8, 1803. He was buried in the Church of Santa Croce in Florence. His works inspired Italian Romantic literature and the Italian national independence movement. [Mitsuo Sato] “Bruno MaierAlfieri (1973, Palumbo Palermo)” ▽ “Leonello VincentiAlfieri e lo Sturm und Drang e altri saggi di letteratura italiana e tedesca (1966, Olschki Firenze)” [Reference] |Print by Cantini, illustrated by Fabre; New York Public Library Alfieri Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの劇作家、詩人。イタリアの先駆的なロマン主義者といわれている。1月16日アスティに生まれる。父はピエモンテの富裕な貴族(伯爵)。誕生後まもなく父を亡くし、9歳のときにトリノの士官学校に送られるが、学校の古くさい教育に嫌気がさし、文学書を読み、詩を愛した。1766年に学校を出ると、イタリア、フランス、イギリス、ドイツ、ロシア、スペイン、ポルトガルと、旅をしてまわった。1772年にトリノに帰り、続く3年間は恋愛と著作のために過ごした。1775年その最初の悲劇『クレオパトラ』を上演し、成功を収めた。イタリアの古典作家たちが用いたトスカナのことばを学ぶためにフィレンツェへ行き、ダンテ、ペトラルカ、アリオスト、タッソなどを読み、数々の作品をイタリア語で書いた。その地でマキャベッリを読み、パッツィの陰謀の主題で悲劇を書くように勧められたが、『専制政治について』という政治論を書いた。 1777年にオルバニーの伯爵夫人ルイザ・ストルバーグと知り合う。それ以後のもっとも多産な時期に、イギリス(1783~1784)とフランス(1787~1792)を旅行。パリで『自伝』を書き始め、自分の悲劇集(19編)の新版を編んだ。そのうち『サウル』と『ミッラ』は、彼の最高傑作である。その地でフランス革命の勃発(ぼっぱつ)に立ち会い、『バスティーユなきパリ』という詩を書いた(1789)。だが革命が暴力と流血の惨事に埋没するのに失望し、批判的になる。1792年ストルバーグ夫人とともにフィレンツェへ戻る。晩年はギリシア語を独習し、ギリシア悲劇やホメロスやアリストファネスなどを読み、風刺詩や喜劇作品を書いた。1803年10月8日没。フィレンツェのサンタ・クローチェ教会に埋葬された。彼の作品はイタリアのロマン主義文学やイタリア民族独立運動に霊感を与えた。 [佐藤三夫] 『Bruno MaierAlfieri (1973, Palumbo Palermo)』▽『Leonello VincentiAlfieri e lo Sturm und Drang e altri saggi di letteratura italiana e tedesca (1966,Olschki Firenze)』 [参照項目] |ファブレ画 カンティーニ作 版画ニューヨーク公共図書館所蔵"> アルフィエーリ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Alfalfa - alfalfa (English spelling)
…A group of citrus fruits in the genus Citrus , w...
This cursed sword is owned by Isonokami Shrine in...
An atoll in the southeast of the Republic of the M...
...The third form of visiting deities is not one ...
1. A wooden-floored room. A wooden-floored area. 2...
A fish of the medaka family. It has many local nam...
Fujiwara Kisshi was the Empress of the 88th Emper...
…The modern plow was born as an extension of the ...
◎Official name: Republic of Yemen al-Jumhuriya al-...
[1] [Noun] ① The moon on the fifteenth night of th...
A person who becomes a monk, becomes a member of ...
A Greek word meaning maker or craftsman. (1) In Ho...
…He became the center of research activities of t...
Please see the "Freedom Party [Austria]"...
A Chinese poet of the early Tang dynasty. He was ...