Turanshah (English spelling)

Japanese: Tūrānshāh(英語表記)Turanshah
Turanshah (English spelling)

In 1169, Salah al-Din became the vizier of the Fatimid dynasty and established sovereignty over Egypt. He restored the Sunni ruling system to replace the Ismailis, and recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid caliphate in order to unify the Islamic world, calling himself king (malik). In 1173, he sent his brother Turanshah (?-1180) to Yemen to monopolize East-West trade, while the following year, when Nur al-Din of the Zengid dynasty died, he took this opportunity to extend his control from Syria to Jazira and strengthened his system of siege by the Crusaders. After Salah al-Din's death, the kingdom was divided among his family, and semi-independent governments were established in Damascus, Aleppo, and Diyarbakir.

From Yemen

...In Yemen, the Ismaili Sulaihi dynasty (1047-1138) gained power, defeated the Najāh dynasty (1021-1159) of Tihamah on the Red Sea coast, and in 1063 drove the Rassids to Sa'ada and made their capital at Sana'a. They also invaded the Hijaz, but eventually moved their capital to Dhu-Jibla and were seized by the Zuray' dynasty (1138-74), also of the Ismaili sect. Salah ad-Din, who founded the Ayyubid dynasty, ordered his brother Turanshah to conquer Yemen, and the Ayyubid dynasty (1174-1229) was established with its capital at Taiz. But just as the Ayyubids replaced the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria, the Mamluks also seized control of the Ayyubids in Yemen and established the Rasulid dynasty, with its capital at Zabid.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Tūrānshāh" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…1169年ファーティマ朝の宰相となってエジプトに主権を確立したサラーフ・アッディーンは,イスマーイール派に代えてスンナ派の支配体制を復活し,またイスラム世界統一のためにアッバース朝カリフの宗主権を認めて自らは王(マリク)と称した。73年には兄トゥーラーンシャーTūrānshāh(?‐1180)をイエメンに派遣して,東西貿易の独占を図る一方,翌年ザンギー朝のヌール・アッディーンが没すると,これを機にシリアからジャジーラへと支配権を伸ばし,十字軍包囲の体制を固めた。サラーフ・アッディーンの死後,王国は一族の間で分割され,ダマスクス,アレッポ,ディヤルバクルでは,それぞれ半独立の政権が樹立された。…

【イエメン】より

…そのあとイエメンでは,イスマーイール派のスライフṢulayḥ朝(1047‐1138)が勢力を強め,紅海沿岸のティハーマのナジャーフNajāḥ朝(1021‐1159)を破り,1063年にはラッシー朝をサーダに追ってサヌアに都し,一時はヒジャーズをも侵略したが,最後はズー・ジブラに都を移し,同じイスマーイール派のズライーZuray‘朝(1138‐74)に支配権を奪われた。アイユーブ朝を建設したサラーフ・アッディーンは,弟トゥーラーンシャーTūrānshāhにイエメン征服を命じ,タイズに都するアイユーブ朝(1174‐1229)が成立した。しかしエジプト・シリアでマムルーク朝がアイユーブ朝に代わったのと同じように,イエメンでもマムルークがアイユーブ朝の支配権を奪い,ザビードに都してラスール朝を開いた。…

※「Tūrānshāh」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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