President of the Philippine Commonwealth. Born in Baler, Tayabas Province (now Quezon Province) on the island of Luzon. The Philippine Revolution broke out (1896) while he was a student at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. He joined the revolutionary army and fought in the war against the United States (1898). In 1905, during the American occupation, he was elected Governor of Tayabas Province and entered politics. In 1907, he was elected to the first Philippine Congress. He became a central figure in national politics thereafter. He served as a resident commissioner in Washington from 1909 to 1916, and succeeded in obtaining the Jones Act (Philippine Autonomy Act). Due to this reputation, he was elected the first President of the Senate in the bicameral Congress in 1916, literally becoming the leading figure in Philippine politics. Following the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act (Philippine Independence Act) in 1934, he was elected the first President of the Commonwealth in 1935. During the occupation of Japan, he established a government in exile in Washington and served as president until his death in a New York hospital. [Ikebata Yukiura] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フィリピン・コモンウェルス(連邦)期の大統領。ルソン島タヤバス州(現ケソン州)バレル町に生まれる。マニラのサント・トマス大学在学中にフィリピン革命が勃発(ぼっぱつ)(1896)。対米戦争(1898)の段階から革命軍に参加して戦った。アメリカ占領下の1905年、タヤバス州知事に選ばれ政界に入った。1907年、第1回フィリピン議会に当選。以後、国政の中心人物となった。1909年より1916年までワシントン駐在委員を務め、ジョーンズ法(フィリピン自治法)の獲得に成功した。この名声によって、1916年には二院制議会初の上院議長に選ばれ、文字どおりフィリピン政治の第一人者となった。1934年に成立したタイディングズ‐マックダフィー法(フィリピン独立法)によって、翌1935年初代のコモンウェルス大統領に当選した。日本占領中はワシントンに亡命政権をつくり、ニューヨークの病院で客死するまで大統領の職にあった。 [池端雪浦] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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