...Spanish thinker and writer. Born into a Basque family in the northeastern industrial city of Bilbao, he became a professor of Greek at the University of Salamanca in 1891 and a leader of the Generation of '98, which aimed to bring about a spiritual revolution in Spain. He developed a theory of Spain centered on Castile. In particular, his work On Nativism, published in 1895, had a major influence on subsequent studies of Spain, along with Ganibet's The Spanish Idea (1897). He started out with a Spencerian view of scientific universalism, but after experiencing the religious crisis of 1897 and the defeat in the Spanish-American War the following year, his thought inclined more and more toward an existential one filled with religious anguish. From Spain ...However, faced with public opinion, the military, and localists who demanded responsibility for the defeat, the government was helpless and remained silent. In contrast to the government's stance, a group of thinkers, novelists, and artists collectively known as the "Generation of '98" further deepened the issues raised by the "Social Reform Association" and sought ways to reform it. From [Spanish Literature] ...Towards the end of the 19th century, French naturalism was introduced, and E. Pardo Bassán, Clarín (1852-1901), V. Blasco Ibáñez and others produced excellent works. *Some of the terminology used to refer to the "1998 Generation" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…スペインの思想家,作家。北東部の工業都市ビルバオのバスク系家庭に生まれたが,1891年以降,サラマンカ大学ギリシア語教授として,またスペインの精神革命を志す〈98年の世代〉の指導者として,カスティリャを中核とするスペイン論を展開した。とくに95年に発表した《生粋主義をめぐって》は,ガニベトの《スペインの理念》(1897)とともに,以後のスペイン論に多大の影響を与えた。初めスペンサー流の科学万能主義から出発したが,97年の宗教的な危機の体験,翌年の米西戦争の敗北などを機会に,彼の思想は宗教的苦悩に満ちた実存的なそれへの傾斜を深めていく。… 【スペイン】より…しかし,敗北の責任を求める世論,あるいは軍部,地方主義者を前にして,政府はなす術もなく沈黙してしまった。政府の姿勢とは対照的に,〈社会改革協会〉の問題提起をよりいっそう深めて刷新の道を模索したのが,一般に〈98年世代〉と総称される一群の思想家,小説家,芸術家である。 【スペイン文学】より…なお19世紀も末になるとフランスの自然主義が移入され,E.パルド・バサン,クラリンClarín(1852‐1901),V.ブラスコ・イバーニェスらがすぐれた作品を残した。 ※「98年世代」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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