Totem

Japanese: totem
Totem

…Researchers have called the special institutional relationship between social groups and specific species of animals, plants, or things found in primitive societies totemism. The specific natural species is called totem, and this word comes from the Ojibwe word of the American Indians. At first, it was thought to be a unique custom of American Indian tribes who made totem poles as totem images, but as the term totemism was created and cases were reported from various places such as Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, India, and Africa, it began to attract the interest of many researchers from the second half of the 19th century. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "totem" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…未開社会に見いだされた,社会集団と動植物や事物の特定の種speciesとの間の特殊な制度的関係を,研究者たちはトーテミズムと呼んできた。その特定の自然種がトーテムtotemであるが,この語はアメリカ・インディアンのオジブワ族の言葉に由来する。はじめはトーテムの像として〈トーテム・ポールtotem pole〉を作るアメリカ・インディアン諸族に固有の習俗と思われていたが,トーテミズムという用語が生まれるとともに,オーストラリアやメラネシア,ポリネシア,インド,アフリカなど各地の事例が報告されるにつれ,19世紀後半から多くの研究者の関心を集めるようになった。…

※「totem」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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