Fusae Ichikawa

Politician and social activist. Born in Aichi Prefecture on May 15, 1893. After graduating from Aichi Women's Normal School, she worked as an elementary school teacher and a newspaper reporter. She moved to Tokyo in 1918 (Taisho 7), and in 1919 joined the Women's Association, where she played an active role in the Women's Workers' Conference. In 1920, she founded the New Women's Association with Hiratsuka Raicho. In 1921, she traveled to the United States to study women's and labor issues in America. In 1924, she returned to Japan and worked at the Tokyo branch of the International Labor Organization (ILO) for four years. In the same year, she also founded the Women's Suffrage Promotion Association (renamed the Women's Suffrage Promotion Association in 1925), and worked in this movement until it was dissolved in 1940 (Showa 15). During this time, she also put her efforts into the city government cleanup movement and the election cleanup movement. During World War II, as a leader of the women's movement, she was involved in the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement and the Imperial Rule Assistance Association. After the war, she organized the New Japan Women's League (renamed the Japan Women's Voters League in 1950) and was temporarily banned from holding public office, but after the ban was lifted she became its president in 1950 (Showa 25). In 1953, she ran as an independent in the House of Councillors election and was elected. She was subsequently elected in 1959 and 1965, and in 1962 she formed the House of Councillors Club. She lost in 1971, but was elected in 1974 (second place in the national constituency) and in 1980 (first place in the national constituency). During this time, she was active at the forefront of ideal elections and political purification. She was a man who was "single-minded in practice." She passed away on February 11, 1981.

[Kenzo Kitagawa]

"Ichikawa Fusae Autobiography: Prewar Edition" (1974, Shinjuku Shobo)" ▽ "Ichikawa Fusae Collected Works: Volumes 1-8 and supplementary volume (1994, Japan Library Center)" ▽ "Ichikawa Fusae Named One" Publishing Committee (ed.), "Ichikawa Fusae Named One" (1982, Shinjuku Shobo)" ▽ "Kodama Katsuko, "Memorandum: Ichikawa Fusae After the War - A Biography of Ichikawa Fusae, Postwar Edition" (1985, Shinjuku Shobo)" ▽ "Ichikawa Misao, Ichikawa Fusae Memorial Association (ed.), "Ichikawa Fusae Memories" (1992, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)" ▽ "Sugawara Kazuko, "Ichikawa Fusae and the Women's Suffrage Movement: A Political History of Search and Conflict" (2002, Seori Shobo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

政治家、社会運動家。明治26年5月15日愛知県に生まれる。愛知女子師範学校卒業後、小学校教員、新聞記者を経歴。1918年（大正7）上京、1919年友愛会婦人部に入り、婦人労働者大会で活躍。1920年平塚らいてうらと新婦人協会を設立した。1921年渡米しアメリカの女性問題、労働問題を研究。1924年帰国してILO（国際労働機関）東京支局に4年間勤務。また同年婦人参政権獲得期成同盟会（1925年婦選獲得同盟と改称）を結成、1940年（昭和15）の解散までこの運動に取り組んだ。この間、市政浄化運動、選挙粛正運動などにも力を入れた。第二次世界大戦期には女性運動のリーダーとして国民精神総動員運動、大政翼賛会の活動に従事した。戦後、新日本婦人同盟（1950年日本婦人有権者同盟と改称）を組織、一時公職追放にあったが、解除後1950年（昭和25）会長となった。1953年参議院選挙に無所属で出馬し当選。以後1959年、1965年と連続当選、1962年には第二院クラブを結成。1971年落選したが、1974年（全国区第2位）、1980年（全国区第1位）当選。この間、理想選挙、政治浄化の先頭にたって活躍。「実践一路」の人であった。昭和56年2月11日死去。

［北河賢三］

『『市川房枝自伝　戦前編』（1974・新宿書房）』▽『『市川房枝集』1～8巻、別巻（1994・日本図書センター）』▽『「市川房枝というひと」刊行会編『市川房枝というひと』（1982・新宿書房）』▽『児玉勝子著『覚書・戦後の市川房枝　市川房枝伝・戦後編』（1985・新宿書房）』▽『市川ミサオ著、市川房枝記念会編『市川房枝おもいで話』（1992・日本放送出版協会）』▽『菅原和子著『市川房枝と婦人参政権獲得運動――模索と葛藤の政治史』（2002・世織書房）』

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