...With the invention of the alphabet and the large-scale introduction of papyrus paper from Egypt, oral literature suddenly seized the opportunity to turn to written works, and it is believed that many oral epics, through expansions and revisions, were established as literary works by the mid-500s BC. The ancient versions of Greek epics that were created in this way had been circulated in the archives of various cities and in the possession of individuals by around 400 BC, but around 300 BC they were collected in Alexandria, Egypt, and after about 150 years of editing work, the extant "prototypes" of Homer, Hesiod, and others were completed. During the 7th and 8th centuries, from the stage of oral literature to the completion of the revision of the original text, Greece witnessed a rapid change in history, including the rise of city-states (polises), several wars with the Persian Empire, struggles for supremacy among Greeks, the rise of the Macedonian Kingdom and the unification of Greece, Alexander the Great's eastern expedition and the emergence of the Hellenistic world. *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Greek epic poetry" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アルファベット記法の発明とエジプトからのパピルス紙の大量導入によって,口承文芸はにわかに文字作品に転ずる契機をつかみ,数多くの口承叙事詩も前500年代半ばころには増補や改作を経つつ,文学作品として定着したものと思われる。こうして成立したギリシア叙事詩の古本諸流は前400年ころまでに諸都市の記録所や個人の所有として伝播していたが,前300年ころエジプトのアレクサンドリアにおいて集輯され,約150年間にわたる校訂作業を経て現存するホメロス,ヘシオドスらの〈祖本〉が完成されたのである。 口承文芸の段階から〈祖本〉校訂の完了までその間7,8世紀,ギリシアは都市国家(ポリス)群の興隆,ペルシア帝国との幾度かの戦争,ギリシア人同士の覇権争い,マケドニア王国の勃興とギリシア統一,アレクサンドロス大王の東征とヘレニズム世界の出現,という歴史のめまぐるしい推移を閲(けみ)した。… ※「ギリシア叙事詩」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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