The extent to which bottom friction affects the movement of seawater is limited, and a thin layer with a different mechanical structure from the rest of the seawater forms near the seabed. This type of boundary layer that forms near the seabed is called the bottom boundary layer. This type of steady boundary layer forms because the Earth rotates. For example, if water is allowed to flow over a non-rotating plate, the boundary layer that initially forms near the plate becomes thicker and thicker over time, and eventually the boundary layer disappears. The frictional boundary layer in a rotating fluid was discovered by V. Ekman of Sweden in 1905 when he published his theory of wind currents, and is called the Ekman boundary layer. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
海水の運動に対し海底摩擦の影響が及ぶ範囲は限られ,海底付近にそれ以外の海水とは違った力学的構造をもつ薄い層ができる。このような海底付近にできる境界層を海底境界層という。 このように定常的な境界層ができるのは地球が回転しているためである。例えば,回転していない板の上に水を流すと,最初板の付近にできる境界層は時間がたつにつれてどんどん厚くなり,しまいには境界層がなくなってしまう。回転流体における摩擦境界層は,1905年スウェーデンのエクマンV.W.Ekmanが,吹走流理論を発表した際に発見したもので,エクマン境界層と呼ばれる。
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