Fallow cultivation - Kyuukankou

Japanese: 休閑耕 - きゅうかんこう

...However, in the third year, the land was left fallow and a year's work was devoted to weeding. The method used was called fallow cultivation, and involved shallow plowing and repeated harrowing in the spring to cause annual weeds to germinate and then die, resulting in thorough weeding. Perennial weeds were deep-plowed and turned over during the hot summer to pick out their rhizomes and then dry out and kill them. In addition, to increase soil fertility, compost was applied during the fallow period, which also helped to kill the weed seeds contained in it.

From [Tillage]

…The reason why rotary tillage is so widely used in Japan today is that mechanization has progressed, especially in rice cultivation, and lateral soil movement is avoided in order to keep the rice field level. Special tillage techniques include fallow tillage, which is used to weed fallow fields in the Western European three-field farming method; subsoiling, which breaks down the hardened soil (plow pan) that forms directly under the plow when plowing is continued; mixed-layer tillage, which improves the subsoil and mixes the topsoil with the subsoil; and top-and-bottom turning. [Sunohara Wataru] …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "fallow farming" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし，3年目には休閑して1年がかりで雑草排除に専念しなければならなかった。その方法は休閑耕と呼ばれるもので，春季の浅犂耕，ハロー掛けの繰返しで1年生雑草を発芽させては死滅させ，徹底除草をはかり，宿根性雑草は夏季高温時に深耕･反転して根茎を拾い出し，また乾燥枯死させた。また地力増強のために休閑中に堆厩肥を施し，それに含まれる雑草種子の死滅をもはかった。…

【耕耘】より

…日本で現在ロータリー耕が圧倒的に多く使われている理由は，水稲作を中心に機械化が進められ，田面を水平に保つために土の側方移動を嫌ったことによっている。特殊な耕耘としては，西欧の三圃式農法の休閑畑における除草を目的とした休閑耕，犂耕を続けた場合に犂の通る直下の土が硬くなる(耕盤)が，これを破壊する心土耕，下層土の改良や表層土と下層土の混合を目的とした混層耕，天地返しなどがある。【春原亘】。…

※「休閑耕」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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