Lower, R. (English spelling) LowerR

Japanese: Lower,R.(英語表記)LowerR
Lower, R. (English spelling) LowerR

...One of the taboos in Judaism is the prohibition against eating meat that has not had all of its blood drained from it, in order to prevent the mixing of animal blood with human blood, the seat of the soul. From this point of view, the first attempt in the 17th century by Richard Lower (1631-91) and Jean-Baptiste Denis (?-1704) to give a human a blood transfusion using sheep's blood was an unspeakable act of blasphemy. Although the attempt failed, medical progress is often accompanied by this kind of disastrous trial and error. ...

From [Blood Transfusion]

...In addition, there are exchange transfusions, in which almost all of the circulating blood of newborns is replaced with healthy blood, and autologous blood transfusions, in which a patient's own blood is collected in advance and used during surgery, etc.
[History of blood transfusions]
The first animal-to-animal blood transfusion was performed in 1665 by Richard Lower (1631-91) of England in a dog. In 1667, Lower and his colleague King injected sheep's blood into a human, and in the same year, Denis J. Denis of France transfused animal blood into a human to treat anemia. However, without the knowledge of xenotransplantation as we know it today, these attempts often resulted in serious side effects and were unsuccessful.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Lower, R." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ユダヤ教のタブーの一つに,血をすべて抜きとった肉でなければ食べるのを禁じているのも,魂の座である人間の血に獣の血が混ざることを避けるためである。このような見地からは,17世紀にローワーRichard Lower(1631‐91)やドニJean‐Baptiste Denis(?‐1704)らが羊の血を用いて初めて人への輸血を試みたことなど,言語道断の瀆神行為である。試みは失敗したが,医学の発展にはしばしばこの種の悲惨な試行錯誤が伴っている。…

【輸血】より

…また,新生児などに対し,循環血液のほぼ全量を健康な血液で置き換える交換輸血や,あらかじめ自分の血液を採取しておいて,手術などに際して用いる自己血輸血などもある。
[輸血の歴史]
 動物から動物への輸血は1665年にイギリスのローワーRichard Lower(1631‐91)がイヌで行ったのが初めであり,67年にローワーは同僚のキングKingとともにヒツジの血液をヒトに注射し,また同年フランスのドニJ.Denisは貧血治療のために動物の血液をヒトに輸血した。しかし,現在考えられるような異種移植についての知識がなかったために,しばしば重篤な副作用を起こし,失敗に終わった。…

※「Lower,R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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