These were government temples built in each prefecture and county during the Tang Dynasty in China. Built by imperial order of Emperor Xuanzong in 738 (26th year of the Kaigen era), they were named after the era name at the time, but many were converted from large existing temples. Ryukoji temples for holding national memorial services had already been built throughout the country by Emperor Zhongzong in 705, but Kaigenji was newly built for the purpose of holding national celebrations. In a sense, it was an institution that brought Buddhism, along with Taoism, under state control. The purpose of their construction was more political, such as demonstrating the authority of the central government to the regions, than to bestow the benefits of Buddhism on the people. They still exist in Shunde (Hebei Province), Zhengding (Henan Province), Chang'an (Shaanxi Province), Licheng (Shandong Province), Chaozhou (Guangdong Province), Quanzhou (Fujian Province), and Suzhou (Jiangsu Province), but the one in Quanzhou is particularly famous. [Shigeo Kamata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、唐代に各州郡に建立された官立寺院。738年(開元26)玄宗(げんそう)の勅命で建立されたもので、名はそのときの年号にちなむが、在来の大寺院を転用したものが多かった。国忌法要を行うための竜興寺(りゅうこうじ)はすでに705年に中宗によって全国に設立されていたが、国家祝典の行事を行う目的で開元寺が新たに建立されることになった。いわば道教とともに仏教を国家統制の下に置く機関であった。 建立の意図は、仏教の恩恵を国民に与えようとするよりも、地方に中央政府の権威を誇示するなどの政治的な面が強かった。順徳(じゅんとく)(河北省)、正定(河南省)、長安(陝西(せんせい)省)、歴城(山東省)、潮州(広東(カントン)省)、泉州(福建省)、蘇州(そしゅう)(江蘇省)などに現存するが、とくに泉州のものが著名である。 [鎌田茂雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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