Housekeeper

Japanese: 家政婦 - かせいふ
Housekeeper

A professional woman who helps with general housekeeping. Formerly known as a dispatched woman. Before World War II, they were subject to job placement services under Article 21 of the old Employment Placement Law, "Regulations for Profit-Making Employment Placement Businesses." After the war, when the Employment Security Law was enacted (1947), Article 32 allowed paid job placement services for those who required special skills. In 1951, housekeepers were added as a type of occupation to Article 24 of the Enforcement Regulations of the same law, and this is still the case today. The definition of a housekeeper is "a person who performs temporary general housekeeping or attendant duties for sick people in private homes, or who attends patients in hospitals, etc." Ordinary housekeepers are introduced through "housekeeper placement offices," which are paid employment placement offices authorized by the Public Employment Security Office. Around 1980, private companies began to hire housekeepers as employees and dispatch them to employees' homes as home helpers. In this case, standard work includes caring for the sick, infants, childbirth, and postpartum care.

In Europe and the United States, the job title of "housekeeper" exists as a job for the "management of public housing." This means that the activities of housekeepers have expanded from individual households to public housing.

[Akiko Matsuoka]

[Reference] | Home Helper

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

家政一般を手伝う職業婦人のこと。かつては派出婦(はしゅつふ)ともよばれていた。第二次世界大戦前は、旧職業紹介法第21条「営利職業紹介事業規則」で職業紹介対象者とされ、戦後、職業安定法が制定されたとき(1947)その第32条で、特別の技術を必要とするものとして有料職業紹介が認められることになった。さらに1951年(昭和26)、同法施行規則第24条に家政婦が職種として追加され、今日に至っている。そこでは、家政婦とは「個人の家庭において、臨時に家政一般もしくは病弱者等の付添いの業務を行う者、または病院等において患者の付添いの業務を行う者」としている。普通家政婦は、公共職業安定所の許可を得た有料職業紹介所である「家政婦紹介所」を通じて紹介される。55年ごろからは民間企業において、家政婦を社員として雇い、社員家庭にホームヘルパーとして派遣する制度が始まった。この場合の標準作業は、病人、乳幼児の世話、出産や産後の世話などとなっている。

 なお欧米などでは、「公共居住施設の管理」としてハウスキーパーという職種もある。これは、家政婦の活動が、個々の家庭内から、さらに公共居住施設にまで広がったことを意味している。

[松岡明子]

[参照項目] | ホームヘルパー

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