When an electric field is applied to a semiconductor where there is a hole that is missing electrons from a covalent bond, electrons move from the neighboring covalent bond to fill the hole, and electrons move from the neighboring covalent bond to fill the hole, and so on, in a relay-like manner. However, this can be thought of as a case where electrons do not move, but holes with positive charges move in the opposite direction to the electrons. These holes are called holes, and positive electricity is carried, resulting in electrical conduction within the semiconductor. In intrinsic semiconductors, at temperatures above absolute zero, a small number of electrons escape from the covalent bond due to thermal energy, leaving holes behind, and electrical conduction occurs through both free electrons and holes. In impurity semiconductors, a small amount of pentavalent atoms (phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, etc.) added to silicon or germanium creates a shortage of electrons in the covalent bond, generating holes and carrying positive electricity (p-type semiconductors). In metal electron theory, holes are understood as holes left behind by electrons being removed from the filled band. → Related topics Carrier | Nuclear battery | p-type semiconductor | Hall effect Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
半導体内部で共有結合にあずかる電子が抜けている所があると,これに電場をかけたとき隣の共有結合から電子が移動して穴をみたし,それによって生じた穴にはもう一つ隣の共有結合から電子が移動するというふうに,電子が次々とリレー式に移動するが,これは逆に電子が移動しないで正電気をもった穴が電子と逆方向に移動すると考えることができる。この穴を正孔またはホールといい,これによって正電気が運ばれ,半導体内に電気伝導が起こることになる。真性半導体では絶対0度以上の温度では熱エネルギーにより少数の電子が共有結合から脱出してあとに正孔が残り,自由電子と正孔の両方により電気伝導を生ずる。また不純物半導体ではケイ素やゲルマニウムに少量加えた5価の原子(リン,ヒ素,アンチモン等)により共有結合にあずかる電子に不足を生じ,正孔が発生し正電気が運搬される(p型半導体)。金属電子論では正孔は充満帯から電子が抜けたあとの穴と解される。 →関連項目キャリア|原子力電池|p型半導体|ホール効果 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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