Carr, Edward Hallett

Japanese: カー（英語表記）Carr， Edward Hallett

Born: June 28, 1892, London
[Died] November 3, 1982. British historian and international political scientist from Cambridge. After graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1916, he joined the Foreign Office, where he worked until 1936. After retiring from the Foreign Office, he served as professor of international politics at the University of Wales until 1947, and lectured in politics at Balliol College, Oxford from 1953 to 1955, becoming a special research fellow at his alma mater in 1955. During this time, he also served as Director of External Affairs at the Ministry of Information from 1939 to 1940, Deputy Chief Editorial Officer of The Times from 1941 to 1946, and Chairman of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee in 1948, among other practical activities. His research began with biographies of thinkers, mainly Russian, such as "Dostoevsky, a new biography" (1931), "Karl Marx" (34), and "Michael Bakunin" (37). From the end of 1930 onwards, he published many works on international politics, such as "The Twenty Years' Crisis - An Introduction to the Study of International Relations" (39), "Nationalism and After" (45), "A Study of Foreign Policy from Versailles to the Outbreak of War" (47), "The Soviet Impact on the Western World" (46), "Studies in Revolution" (50), and "The New Society" (51). From 1950 onwards, he published many works on international politics, such as "The Bolshevik Revolution - 1917-23". He has published a large volume of Soviet and Russian history, including Revolution 1917-1923 (3 volumes, 50-53). His view of history was summarized in What is History? (1961), in which he repeatedly preaches that "history is a dialogue between the past and the present" and warns against losing touch with the ever-changing world. In his research on international politics, he skillfully analyzes and synthesizes the theory and reality of international politics.

car
Kerr, Deborah

Born: 30 September 1921, Helensburgh
[Died] October 16, 2007. British film and stage actress from Suffolk. Born Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer. She made a great contribution to the American film industry. After studying dance at a drama school in Bristol run by her aunt, she was awarded a scholarship to Sadler's Wells Ballet School. She made her debut as a ballerina in London at the age of 17, but her interest in theater led her to take minor roles in Shakespeare productions. In 1941, she made her film debut in Britain, landing the leading role in Black Narcissus (1947). Her performance was highly praised, and she entered the Hollywood film industry. In Fred Zinnemann's From Here to Eternity (1953), she played the role of a voluptuous soldier's wife who has an affair, and her beach scene with co-star Burt Lancaster became one of the most famous scenes in Hollywood film history. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress a total of six times, and received an Honorary Academy Award in 1993. In 1997 she was awarded the Order of the British Empire (CBE).

car
Carr, John Dickson

Born: 1906. Uniontown, Pennsylvania
Died: February 27, 1977. Greenville, South Carolina. American mystery writer. Also used the pen names Carr Dixon and Carter Dixon. He began writing mystery novels in high school, and after graduating from Haverford College in Pennsylvania, he studied in Paris. His first novel, It Walks by Night (1930), was well received, and he was active in both the UK and the US, creating immortal detectives such as Dr. Fell and Sir Henry Merivale. His representative works include The Mad Hatter Mystery (33), The Plague Court Murders (34), and The Emperor's Snuff-Box (42). Many of his novels are full-scale mystery novels with horror stories and locked-room murders.

car
Kerr, Hugh Thomson

Born: July 1, 1909, Chicago
[Died] March 27, 1992. Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Princeton, USA. Private lecturer in systematic theology at Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary (1936-40), later professor of systematic theology at Princeton Theological Seminary. Editor of "Theology Today" magazine. Edited the Compend of Calvin's Institute (1939) and Compend of Luther's Theology (1943). His main work is "Positive Protestantism; An Interpretation of the Gospel" (1950).

car
ka

The ancient Egyptians believed in the ba (or bai) as well as the invisible "life force" or element that constitutes the spirit of humans. However, there are many unknown aspects of it, making it difficult to define it clearly. It was believed that the ka would continue to live on after death as long as the body was preserved, so the Egyptians preserved the bodies as mummies and placed statues (ka figures) in tombs that depicted the dead person's appearance when they were alive. False doors were installed in the tombs, and it was believed that offerings could be made to the ka through these false doors.

car
Kerr, John

Born: 17 December 1824, Ardrossan, Ayrshire
[Died] August 18, 1907. Glasgow. British physicist. He studied theology at the University of Glasgow, and became a mathematics lecturer at Glasgow Normal School (1875). He is known for the Kerr effect. He was a member of the Royal Society of London (90). His main work was Elementary Treatise on Rational Mechanics (67).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1892.6.28. ロンドン
[没]1982.11.3. ケンブリッジ
イギリスの歴史家，国際政治学者。 1916年ケンブリッジ大学トリニティ・カレッジ卒業後，外務省に入り 36年まで勤務。退官後は，ウェールズ大学の国際政治学教授として 47年まで在任，53～55年オックスフォードのベリオール・カレッジで政治学を講じ，55年母校の特別研究員。この間，39～40年情報省対外広報局長，41～46年『タイムズ』論説副主幹，48年国連世界人権宣言起草委員会委員長を歴任，実務的な活動も行なった。その研究は『ドストエフスキー』 Dostoevsky，a new biography (1931) ，『カルル・マルクス』 Karl Marx (34) ，『バクーニン』 Michael Bakunin (37) などロシアを中心とする思想家の伝記から始り，30年末以降は『危機の二十年－国際関係研究序説』 The Twenty Years' Crisis －An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (39) ，『ナショナリズムの発展』 Nationalism and After (45) ，『両大戦間における国際関係史』A Study of Foreign Policy from Versailles to the Outbreak of War (47) ，『西欧を衝くソ連』 The Soviet Impact on the Western World (46) ，『革命の研究』 Studies in Revolution (50) ，『新しい社会』 The New Society (51) など国際政治に関する著作が多く，50年からは『ボリシェヴィキ革命－1917－23』 The Bolshevik Revolution 1917－1923 (3巻，50～53) をはじめとする膨大なソビエト・ロシア史を刊行している。その歴史観は，61年の『歴史とは何か』 What is History?に要約されており，「歴史は過去と現在との対話である」と繰返し説き，不断に動く世界に対する感覚を失わないよう警告している。国際政治学に関する研究では，国際政治の理論と現実を巧みに分析総合している。

カー
Kerr, Deborah

[生]1921.9.30. ヘレンズバラ
[没]2007.10.16. サフォーク
イギリスの映画・舞台女優。本名 Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer。アメリカ合衆国の映画界に多大な貢献をした。おばが運営するブリストルの演劇学校でダンスを学んだのち，サドラーズ・ウェルズ・バレエ学校の奨学生となった。17歳のときロンドンでバレリーナとして初舞台を踏んだが，演劇に関心をいだいてシェークスピア劇の公演で端役を演じるようになった。1941年イギリスで映画デビューを果たし，『黒水仙』Black Narcissus（1947）で主役の座を射止めた。その名演が高く評価され，ハリウッド映画界に進出。フレッド・ジンネマン監督の『地上（ここ）より永遠に』From Here to Eternity（1953）では不倫に走る肉感的な軍人の妻役に挑戦し，相手役のバート・ランカスターと浜辺で交わるシーンはハリウッド映画史上に残る名場面となった。アカデミー賞では合計 6回主演女優賞候補になり，1993年アカデミー賞名誉賞を受賞。1997年大英帝国三等勲功章 CBEを授与された。

カー
Carr， John Dickson

[生]1906. ペンシルバニア，ユニオンタウン
[没]1977.2.27. サウスカロライナ，グリーンビル
アメリカの推理小説作家。カー・ディクソン，カーター・ディクソンの筆名も用いる。高等学校時代から推理小説を書き，ペンシルバニア州のハバフォード大学を卒業して，パリに遊学。処女作『夜歩く』 It Walks by Night (1930) が好評を博し，以後英米両国で活躍，フェル博士，ヘンリー・メリベール卿など不滅の探偵像を創造した。代表作に『帽子収集狂事件』 The Mad Hatter Mystery (33) ，『黒死荘殺人事件』 The Plague Court Murders (34) ，『皇帝の嗅ぎ煙草入れ』 The Emperor's Snuff-Box (42) があり，怪奇仕立てのものや密室殺人を扱う本格推理小説が多い。

カー
Kerr， Hugh Thomson

[生]1909.7.1. シカゴ
[没]1992.3.27. プリンストン
アメリカの長老派教会牧師。ルイビル長老派神学校組織神学私講師 (1936～40) ，その後プリンストン神学大学組織神学教授を務める。"Theology Today"誌の編集者。『キリスト教綱要抄』 Compend of Calvin's Institute (1939) と『ルター神学概論』 Compend of Luther's Theology (1943) を編集。主著は"Positive Protestantism; An Interpretation of the Gospel" (1950) 。

カー
ka

古代エジプト人がバー (バイ) とともに信じていた目に見えない人間の「生命力」あるいは精神を構成する一要素。しかし不明な部分が多く，はっきり規定することはむずかしい。人間は死んでもカーは遺体が保存されているかぎり生き続けるとされ，そのためエジプト人は遺体をミイラとして保存し，さらに墓の中に死者の生前の姿を写した彫像 (カー像) を安置した。墓には偽扉が取付けられ，カーはこの見せかけの扉を通って供物を受けることができると考えた。

カー
Kerr， John

[生]1824.12.17. エアシャー，アードロッサン
[没]1907.8.18. グラスゴー
イギリスの物理学者。グラスゴー大学で神学を修め，グラスゴーの師範学校の数学講師 (1875) 。「カー効果」で知られる。ロンドン・ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (90) 。主著『力学要論』 Elementary Treatise on Rational Mechanics (67) 。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Moth - Moth

>>: Summer -