Tonality - English

Japanese: 調性 - ちょうせい(英語表記)tonality 英語
Tonality - English

A term in music theory. A system that focuses on pitch as one of the systematic uses of tones in music, and ranks various tones in terms of their up-down (high-low) relationship and interval relationship (second, fourth, fifth, etc.). Music that uses pitch always has a certain degree of tonality. In other words, in extreme cases, monophonic melodies intentionally exclude other tones, or so-called "atonal" music superficially excludes tone order, but as long as some order of appearance is specified, in a broad sense, it emphasizes the tonal aspect of the tones. However, in the narrow sense, except for these cases, it refers to functional harmony tonality, which was the central term in European art music in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, when people generally talk about tonality, they often refer to functional harmony in the narrow sense, and tonality in the broad sense is sometimes distinguished from modal modality. This concept of tonality in both the broad and narrow senses was established by Fethy's 1844 paper.

The method by which the order of pitches is determined varies by ethnic group and era, but the basis for this is the sequential relationship in a tone progression, represented by a beginning note and a ending note, or the simultaneous relationship in a stack of tones, such as drones (sustained bass tones) and chords. Tonality is also related to scales, modes, and melodic forms.

[Osamu Yamaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

音楽理論用語。音楽における音の組織的利用法の一つとして音高に着目し、諸音高に対して上下(高低)関係、音程関係(二、四、五度など)の観点から序列をつけた体系。音高性を利用した音楽には、かならずそれなりの調性が備わっている。すなわち、極端な例としては、単音旋律において意図的に他の音を排除したり、いわゆる「無調」音楽において表面的に音序列を排除しながらも、なんらかの出現順序が規定されている限りにおいて、広義に解釈すれば、音のもつトーナルな側面を強調していることになる。しかし狭義には、こうした場合を除いて、18、9世紀のヨーロッパ芸術音楽の中心語法である機能和声的調性をさす。今日一般に調性といった場合、狭義の機能和声をさすことが多く、広義の調性を旋法性modalityといって区別することもある。この広・狭義の調性概念は、フェティの1844年の論文によって確立された。

 音高の序列が決定される方法は民族や時代によって異なるが、その基準となるのは、開始音・終止音に代表される音進行上の継時的関係であったり、ドローン(持続低音)、和音といった音の積み重ねにおける同時的関係であったりする。調性はまた、音階、旋法、旋律型とも関連する。

[山口 修]

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