...In other words, in a highly professionalized military, not only is the promotion system based on examinations and seniority, and the hierarchical order supported by it, widely accepted by the officer corps, but the shared sense of expertise of professional soldiers also serves to strengthen the cohesion of the officer corps. When such a military takes power, it is unlikely that a leading military man will use his public office to increase his political support and turn into a politician himself, as was the case with General Manuel Odría (1897-1974) of Peru and General Rojas Pinilla of Colombia. The military governments that emerged in Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile, and Uruguay in the 1960s maintained the pretense of being run by the officer corps, despite internal disputes over the content of the policies they should adopt. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Odría, M." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…すなわち,専門職業化が進んだ軍部では,試験と年功序列とに基づく昇進制度,およびそれによって支えられる位階秩序が将校団によって広く受け入れられているばかりでなく,職業軍人としての共通の専門意識が将校団としての凝集性を高める作用を果たしている。このような軍部が政権を握った場合には,かつてペルーのオドリアManuel Odría将軍(1897‐1974)やコロンビアのロハス・ピニーリャ将軍が試みたように,1人の有力軍人が公職を利用して政治的支持者を増やし,みずから政治家に転身していくという現象は起こりにくい。1960年代以降出現したブラジル,アルゼンチン,ペルー,チリ,ウルグアイの軍事政権は,採用すべき政策の内容をめぐる内紛をかかえながら,あくまでも将校団による政権担当というたてまえをくずさなかった。… ※「Odría,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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