Orenburg (English spelling)

Japanese: オレンブルグ（英語表記）Orenburg

From 1938 to 1957, he was called Chkalov. It is the capital of Orenburg Oblast in western Russia. It is located at the foot of the Ural Mountains, where the Sakhmara River flows into the Ural River. In 1735, it was built as the Orenburg Fortress at the confluence of the Ori River and the Ural River, where Orsk is now, but in 1743 it was moved to its current location, which is more navigable, and Orenburg, meaning "town on the banks of the Ori River," was used as the city name. It was originally a military base against nomadic tribes in the southern steppes, but as trade with Central Asia became more active, it became a commercial and trading center. In the 1870s, the railway line was laid southeast from Samara through the city to the steppes of Kazakhstan, making the city an important transit point connecting central European Russia with Kazakhstan and Central Asia, and flour-milling industry also flourished. During World War II, industry began to develop based on factories that had been evacuated from the west, and currently, industries such as machinery (hydraulics, machine tools, refrigeration equipment), chemicals (fertilizers, synthetic oils and fats, rubber products), food (meat, flour milling), compound feed, leather, and silk textiles are thriving. There are educational, medical, and agricultural universities, as well as an art museum and a local museum. It is a key location for rail transport and has an airport. Population: 546,987 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1938～57年はチカロフ Chkalov。ロシア西部，オレンブルグ州の州都。ウラル山脈南西麓，サクマラ川がウラル川に流入する地点に位置する。 1735年，現在オルスク市があるオリ川とウラル川の合流点にオレンブルグ要塞として建設されたが，43年航行に便利な現在地に移転，「オリ川岸の町」を意味するオレンブルグはそのまま市名として使用された。当初は南のステップ地帯の遊牧民族に対する軍事拠点であったが，中央アジアとの交易が盛んになるにつれて商業・交易中心地になった。特に 1870年代サマーラより南東へ延びる鉄道が市を通って遠くカザフスタンのステップまで敷設されたことにより，市はヨーロッパロシア中部とカザフスタン，中央アジアを結ぶ重要な中継地となり，製粉工業も興った。第2次世界大戦中，西のほうから疎開してきた工場をもとに工業が発展しはじめ，現在，機械 (水圧機，工作機械，冷凍設備) ，化学 (肥料，合成油脂，ゴム製品) ，食品 (食肉，製粉) ，配合飼料，皮革，絹織物などの工業が発達している。教育，医学，農業の各大学や美術館，郷土博物館がある。鉄道交通の要地で，空港もある。人口 54万6987（2010）。

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