Tours

Japanese: ツール（英語表記）Tours

The capital of the Indre-et-Loire department in central-western France. Located about 200 km southwest of Paris, it overlooks the confluence of the Loire River and its tributary, the Cher River. It is famous as a distribution center for Loire wine and a tourist center for the Loire Valley. During the Gallo-Roman period, it was called Caesarodunum, and since the 3rd century, it has been Christianized, and under Clovis, it became part of the Frankish Kingdom. In 732, it was the site of the Battle of Tour-Poitiers, where the Frankish army defeated the Islamic army. It continued to prosper mainly in the silk weaving industry even during the Hundred Years' War and the Religious Wars, but the industry temporarily declined with the abolition of the Edict of Nantes. At the end of the 18th century, it became a base of operations against the Vendée Rebellion. In recent years, industry has developed significantly, with printing, furniture, machinery, pharmaceuticals, iron rope, and chemicals thriving. Commerce, especially wine trading, is also thriving. The city is home to many historical sites, such as the Guise Tower (12th century), the castle of Louis XI, and the Gothic Saint-Gatien Cathedral (13th-16th century, known for its stained glass windows), as well as museums and universities. It is also the birthplace of the literary great Balzac. Population: 135,480 (2008).

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Toul

A town in the western part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France. It is located about 20 km west of Nancy, along the Moselle River and the Marne-Rhine Canal. In the Gallo-Roman period, it was called Toulon, the regional capital. In the Middle Ages, it prospered as a free city, trading in Moselle wine. It was occupied by Henry II (reigned 1547-59) in 1552, and officially became a French territory in 1648. It was later fortified, and in 1700, the fortifications were built by the fortifier Vauban (part of which still remains). It was a fierce battleground during the Franco-Prussian War, and World War I and II. It is a thriving textile industry, pottery production, and wine and brandy trade. It has Saint-Etienne Cathedral (13th-15th century) and Saint-Jung Cathedral (13th-14th century). Population 17,702 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

フランス中西部，アンドルエロアール県の県都。パリの南西約 200kmに位置し，ロアール川とその支流シェール川の合流点にのぞむ。ロアール・ワインの集散地，ロアール河谷観光の中心地として有名。ガロ・ローマ時代はカエサロドゥヌムと呼ばれ，3世紀以来キリスト教化が進み，クロービスのもとでフランク王国領となった。 732年，フランク軍がイスラム軍を破ったツール＝ポアティエの戦いの地。その後百年戦争，ユグノー戦争などのなかでも絹織物業を中心に繁栄を続けたが，ナントの勅令の廃止で産業は一時衰退。 18世紀末にはバンデーの反乱に対する作戦の基地となった。近年は工業の発展が著しく，印刷，家具，機械，製薬，鉄綱，化学などが盛ん。また，ワイン取引を中心とした商業も盛んである。ギーズ塔 (12世紀) ，ルイ 11世の居城，ゴシック様式の聖ガティアン聖堂 (13～16世紀，ステンドグラスで知られる) などの史跡のほか美術館，大学などがある。文豪バルザックの生地。人口 13万5480（2008）。

ツール
Toul

フランス北東部，ムルトエモーゼル県西部にある町。ナンシーの西約 20km，モーゼル川とマルヌ＝ライン連絡運河に沿う。ガロ・ローマ時代にはトゥルムと呼ばれたこの地方の中心都市で，中世には自由都市としてモーゼル・ワインの取引で繁栄した。 1552年アンリ2世 (在位 1547～59) に占領され，1648年正式にフランス領となった。その後，要塞化が進み，1700年には築城家ボーバンによって城壁 (一部現存) が築かれた。普仏戦争，第1，第2次世界大戦では激戦地となった。繊維工業，陶器の生産，ワインやブランデーの取引が盛ん。聖エティエンヌ大聖堂 (13～15世紀) ，聖ジャング聖堂 (13～14世紀) などがある。人口1万 7702 (1990) 。

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