Bottle neck effect

…In a finite population, random drift works independently of natural selection, but its effect becomes more pronounced when the effect of natural selection is relatively small and the population's number of individuals is small. The bottle neck effect, which states that if the population's number of individuals becomes very small even once, the genetic composition of the population will be strongly influenced by that time, and the founder principle, which states that the genetic composition of a newly formed small population that splits off from a large population will have a lasting effect, are also aspects of random drift. The importance of random drift as a basic theory of the neutral theory of molecular evolution is becoming widely recognized. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "bottle neck effect" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…機会的浮動は有限集団であれば，自然淘汰とは独立に働くが，その効果が顕著に現れるのは自然淘汰の効果が相対的に小さく，集団の個体数が小さくなったときである。集団の個体数が一度でもひじょうに小さくなれば，集団の遺伝的組成はそのときの影響を強くうけるという瓶首効果bottle neck effectや，大集団から分かれて新たにできた小集団では創始時の遺伝的組成が，後々まで影響を及ぼすという創始者原理founder principleも機会的浮動の一面である。また機会的浮動は分子進化の中立説の基礎理論としてその重要性が広く認められつつある。…

※「bottle neck effect」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報