Olbers' paradox

Japanese: オルバースのパラドックス(英語表記)Olbers' paradox
Olbers' paradox
A paradox that states that if the distribution of stars in the universe were uniform to infinity and their luminosity did not depend on location, the night sky would shine infinitely brightly. It was proposed by Wilhelm Olbers in 1826. The amount of light coming from a star in a spherical shell at a certain distance from the observer decreases inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the shell, but the number of stars in the shell increases in proportion to the square of the distance, so it was thought that the brightness of the collected light from the stars in this shell would be a constant value regardless of the distance to the shell. Therefore, it seems that the premise of the paradox is valid: if such spherical shells are stacked one after another to infinity, the brightness of the sky seen by the observer will be infinite. To solve this paradox, it was thought that there is a substance in space that absorbs light, but even if an absorbing substance absorbs light, it always re-emits it, so this does not solve the problem. In fact, the depth of the universe is not infinite, and due to the expansion of the universe, the more distant the galaxy, the greater the redshift and the weaker the intensity of its light.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
宇宙における恒星の分布が無限遠まで一様で,その光度が場所によらないとすると,夜空は無限に明るく輝くことになるというパラドックス。1826年ウィルヘルム・オルバースが提唱した。観測者を中心として,ある距離にある球殻内の 1個の星からくる光の量は球殻までの距離の 2乗に反比例して減少するが,球殻内にある星の数は距離の 2乗に比例して増加するので,この球殻内にある星の光を集めた明るさは球殻までの距離によらず一定の値をもつと考えられた。したがって,このような球殻を次々と無限遠まで重ね合わせると,観測者の見る空の明るさは無限大になるというパラドックスの前提が成立しているように思われる。このパラドックスの解決のため,宇宙空間に光を吸収する物質があると考えられたが,吸収物質が光を吸収しても必ず再放出するので解決にはならない。事実は,宇宙の奥行は無限遠ではなく,また宇宙の膨張により遠くの銀河ほど赤方偏移が大きく,光の強度が弱まっているのである。

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