Ordovician period

Japanese: オルドビス紀 - おるどびすき(英語表記)Ordovician period
Ordovician period

The second geological period of the Paleozoic Era. It corresponds to the period of about 42 million years between the Cambrian and Silurian periods, from about 485.4 million years ago to about 443.4 million years ago. The strata formed during the Ordovician period are called the Ordovician System. The name Ordovician was given in 1878 by Charles Lapworth (1842-1920) after the name of an ancient people who lived in Wales, England, which is the type area of ​​the Ordovician period. Invertebrate animals, trilobites, brachiopods, and cephalopods such as nautiloids made remarkable developments. Graptolites of the protochordata phylum, which are characteristically found in black shale facies, are the most prominent organisms of this period, and are important as index fossils (standard stones) along with conodonts. In vertebrate animals, armored fishes appeared. In addition to algae, a few remains of vascular plants are also known. Ordovician strata, along with Cambrian strata, are widely distributed around the shield, and in East Asia, they are known to be found in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins, and in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. In Japan, radiolarian and ostracode fossils thought to have lived in this period were discovered in Fukuchi, Hida Highlands, and it was confirmed that the oldest strata in Japan extend to this period. In the area from the Appalachian Mountains of North America to the Scandinavian Peninsula, active volcanic activity is known, and there were several crustal movements, such as the Taconic Deformation. At the end of the Ordovician period, large-scale glaciers developed, sea levels dropped, the shallow continental shelf decreased, and marine organisms such as trilobites and graptolites became extinct in large numbers.

[Tomo Ozawa and Kozo Watanabe, August 19, 2015]

"Atlas of the Evolution of Life and the Earth I: From the Origin of the Earth to the Silurian Period" by Richard T. J. Moody and Andrei Yu. Zhuravlev, supervised by Ikuo Obata (2003, Asakura Publishing)

[References] | Vascular plants | Nautilus | Armored fish | Cambrian | Conodonts | Trilobites | Silurian | Taconic Orbital Movement | Geological period | Cephalopods | Standard stones | Fukuchi Onsen | Graptolites | Radiolaria | Brachiopods

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古生代の2番目の地質時代。カンブリア紀とシルル紀の間の、約4億8540万年前から約4億4340万年前までの約4200万年の期間に相当する。オルドビス紀に形成された地層をオルドビス系という。オルドビス紀の名称は、模式地のイギリス、ウェールズ地方に住んでいた古代民族の名にちなみ、ラプウォースCharles Lapworth(1842―1920)が1878年に命名した。無脊椎(むせきつい)動物では、三葉虫類、腕足類、頭足類のオウムガイ類が著しい発展を遂げた。黒色頁岩(けつがん)相に特徴的に産する原索動物門の筆石類(ふでいしるい)は、当紀のもっとも顕著な生物であり、コノドント動物とともに示準化石(標準化石)として重要である。脊椎動物では、魚類の甲冑魚(かっちゅうぎょ)が出現する。植物では藻類に加え、維管束植物の遺体もわずかながら知られている。オルドビス紀の地層は、カンブリア紀の地層とともに、楯状地(たてじょうち)の周辺に広く分布し、東アジアでは、揚子江(ようすこう)、黄河両盆地、朝鮮半島北部が知られている。日本では、飛騨(ひだ)高地の福地より、当紀に生息していたと考えられる放散虫、貝形虫化石が発見され、日本最古の地層が当紀まで及ぶことが確認された。北アメリカのアパラチア山地からスカンジナビア半島にかけての地域では、活発な火成活動が知られ、タコニック変動などの数回の地殻変動があった。オルドビス紀末には大規模な氷河が発達し海水面が下がり、浅い大陸棚の部分が減少し、三葉虫類、筆石類などの海生生物が大量絶滅した。

[小澤智生・渡辺耕造 2015年8月19日]

『リチャード・T・J・ムーディ、アンドレイ・ユウ・ジュラヴリョフ著、小畠郁生監訳『生命と地球の進化アトラスⅠ 地球の起源からシルル紀』(2003・朝倉書店)』

[参照項目] | 維管束植物 | オウムガイ | 甲冑魚 | カンブリア紀 | コノドント | 三葉虫 | シルル紀 | タコニック変動 | 地質時代 | 頭足類 | 標準化石 | 福地温泉 | 筆石 | 放散虫 | 腕足類

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