Kawate

Japanese: 河手 - かわて
Kawate
In the Middle Ages, this was a type of toll levied on travelers and baggage passing through checkpoints on rivers. It seems that it originally had the meaning of compensation for transportation facilities such as river crossings and labor, similar to ferry fares and boat fares. Gradually, the tolls collected from travelers and baggage passing through ferry terminals and other places came to be called kawate as a kind of profit. The first appearance of this term in historical documents is in the entry for September 21, 1212 (2nd year of Kenryaku) in the Azuma Kagami, which says that the Kamakura Shogunate had banned the collection of "tsuryo kawate" in various provinces, but lifted the prohibition after requests from various jito (local land stewards) to have it recognized as a "profit."

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
中世,河川に設けられた関所を通過する旅客や荷物に課せられた通行税の一種。もともと河渡などの交通上の施設や労役に対する代償の意味を持つものとして,渡賃や船賃と同様のものであったらしい。しだいに一種の得分として,渡場などで通行する旅客や荷物から関銭を徴収することによって得られるものを,河手と称するようになった。史料上の初見は《吾妻鏡》建暦2年(1212)9月21日の条で,鎌倉幕府は諸国での〈津料河手〉の徴収を禁じたが,所々の地頭から〈得分〉として,認めてもらいたい旨の申し出があったため,この禁止を解除したとある。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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