A prefix meaning "regular". [ I ] A prefix indicating that a substituent is present in adjacent positions on the benzene nucleus, i.e., positions 1 and 2. Usually indicated by o- . Other disubstituted benzenes include meta, m- (positions 1 and 3) and para, p- (positions 1 and 4). [ II ] A prefix given to the compound with the highest degree of hydration among oxo acids with the same central atom and oxidation number. It is used like ortho-acid, but is also called normal-acid. Examples are orthoboric acid H 3 BO 3 , orthophosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 , and orthosilicic acid H 4 SiO 4 . Acids with a low degree of hydration include pyroic acid and meta-acid. Organic compounds include orthoformic acid CH(OH) 3 (which does not exist as a free acid, but exists as an ester), and orthoaldehyde RCH(OH) 2 (which does not usually exist in a free form, but exists as an acetal). However, chloral hydrate, CCl 3 CH(OH) 2 , is an exceptionally stable orthoaldehyde. [ III ] A prefix that distinguishes the nuclear spin state of an atom. In ortho-hydrogen, the nuclear spins of the two hydrogen atoms are in the same direction, while in para-hydrogen they are in opposite directions. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
“正規の”を意味する接頭辞.【Ⅰ】ベンゼン核の隣接する位置,すなわち,1,2位に置換基をもつことを示す接頭辞.普通,o-で示す.このほかにベンゼンの二置換体には,メタ,m-(1,3位)とパラ,p-(1,4位)がある.【Ⅱ】中心原子とその酸化数が同一のオキソ酸のなかで,水和度のもっとも高い化合物につける接頭辞.オルト――酸のように使うが,正――酸ともいう.たとえば,オルトホウ酸H3BO3,オルトリン酸H3PO4,オルトケイ酸H4SiO4.水和度の低いものにはピロ酸,メタ酸などがある.有機化合物では,オルトギ酸CH(OH)3(遊離酸として存在せず,エステルとして存在する),オルトアルデヒドRCH(OH)2(普通,遊離型では存在せず,アセタールとして存在する)がある.しかし,抱水クロラールCCl3CH(OH)2は例外的に安定なオルトアルデヒドである.【Ⅲ】原子の核スピン状態を区別する接頭辞.オルト水素では,2個の水素原子の核スピンは同方向で,パラ水素では逆方向である. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
...In response to this, a movement for reform eme...
…At the end of the 1950s, as political activity r...
…General term for crustaceans belonging to the su...
...This process is repeated, with each warhead tr...
...This legend is said to have originated from a ...
...Intensive treatment is given with anti-tubercu...
A general term for haiku and haiku styles practice...
...Italian painter brothers, Pietro Lorenzetti (?...
Born: September 10, 1890, Glasgow [Died] July 22, ...
A term in Indian philosophy indicating the "...
…Tonsils generally refer to two almond-shaped mas...
...The prefectural capital of Yamagata Prefecture...
… In the Alexandrian period, the short poems of C...
...A social movement aimed at improving women'...
…Only fragmentary reports of his life are known f...