Pallium

Japanese: pallium
Pallium

In particular, the Synod of 747, chaired by Boniface, clarified the system of the Synod, the position of the metropolitan, the duties of the bishop, the division of duties between the metropolitan and diocesan synods, and also characterized for the first time the institutional relationship with the Pope. These two men, who frequently visited Rome, were appointed archbishops without a see by the Pope, with the pallium (a white woolen belt that symbolizes the authority of the pope or archbishop). At first, this title was merely honorary, and although it was often given to metropolitans, the position of archbishop did not become common until the time of Charlemagne.

From Rome

...The ruins of Ostia give us a good idea of ​​what the insulae looked like at that time, and ancient Rome was filled with such insulae alongside magnificent palaces, public buildings, and elegant private villas.
[Clothing]
In ancient Rome, men wore a toga over a knee-length tunica, but because the toga was heavy and difficult to pleat, it fell out of favor and emperors were forced to issue decrees requiring the wearing of togas at official events, leading to the preference for the Greek-style outer garment called the pallium. The paenula, a sleeveless, full-length woolen cloak, was also popular for travel and in rainy weather.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pallium" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…特に747年ボニファティウスの司会した司教会議は,この司教会議の制度,首都司教の地位,司教の職務内容,首都管区会議と司教区会議との職務分掌などを明らかにし,またローマ教皇との制度的関係をも初めて性格づけた。たびたびローマを訪れたこの2人は,教皇からパリウムpallium(大司教用肩衣。白い羊毛製の帯で教皇,大司教の権威を象徴する)を授けられて司教座なしの大司教に任命されたが,この大司教は当初は名誉的称号にすぎなかったから,首都司教にはたいていこの称号が与えられることが多かったものの,カール大帝の時代までは大司教の職制は一般化しなかった。…

【ローマ】より

…オスティアの遺跡が当時のインスラのようすをよく伝えているが,古代ローマには豪壮な宮殿や公共建築物,瀟洒(しようしや)な個人邸宅と並んで,このようなインスラがひしめき合っていたのである。
[衣服]
 古代ローマの男性は膝丈のトゥニカの上にトガを着用したが,トガは重いうえにひだ取りも難しかったため嫌われるようになり,皇帝たちは公式行事の際のトガ着用を命じる勅令を出さざるをえなかったほどで,トガに代わってパリウムpalliumというギリシア風外衣が好まれるようになった。また,袖なし・貫頭衣型の羊毛製外套(パエヌラpaenula)も旅行用・雨天用として好まれた。…

※「pallium」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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