Pelletier, Pierre-Joseph

Japanese: ペルチエ（英語表記）Pelletier， Pierre-Joseph

Born: March 22, 1788 in Paris
[Died] July 19, 1842. French chemist. Following in the footsteps of his father, a pharmacologist, he studied at the École de Pharmacy in Paris, where he became assistant professor of pharmacology (1815) and professor (25). He was a member of the Academie des Médicales de Paris (20) and the Academie des Sciences (40). He first began research on gum resin, and is known for his discovery of emetine (17). Later, with the help of his brother-in-law JB Caventou, he mainly studied alkaloids, discovering quinine (20) and succeeding in extracting and isolating many plant alkaloids, including burtine and caffeine. He also confirmed the presence of nitrogen in alkaloids by combustion analysis, dramatically advancing alkaloid research at the time. For this achievement, he received the Montillon Prize from the Academie des Sciences in 1827.

Peltier
Peltier, Jean-Charles-Athanase

Born: February 22, 1785. Am
Died October 27, 1845. Paris. French physicist and meteorologist. At the age of 30, he left his job as a watchmaker to begin experimental scientific research. In 1834, he discovered the phenomenon in which an electric current creates a temperature difference at the contact point between dissimilar metals (the Peltier effect), which led to innovations in temperature measurement and cooling technology. He is also known for his development in 1840 of a technology for electrifying conductors through electrostatic induction. He also conducted research into the phenomena of atmospheric electricity, tornadoes, and boiling point depression due to altitude.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1788.3.22. パリ
[没]1842.7.19. パリ
フランスの化学者。薬物学者であった父にならって，パリの薬学校に学び，同校の薬物学助教授 (1815) ，同教授 (25) 。パリ医学アカデミー会員 (20) 。科学アカデミー会員 (40) 。初めゴム樹脂の研究に着手，エメチンの発見 (17) が知られる。その後，義弟 J.B.カバントゥの助力を得ておもにアルカロイドの研究にたずさわり，キニーネの発見 (20) をはじめ，ブルチン，カフェインなど多くの植物アルカロイドの抽出・単離に成功。また燃焼分析によってアルカロイド中の窒素の存在を確定し，当時のアルカロイド研究を飛躍的に発展させた。この功績により 1827年に科学アカデミーからモンティヨン賞を受けた。

ペルチエ
Peltier， Jean-Charles-Athanase

[生]1785.2.22. アム
[没]1845.10.27. パリ
フランスの物理学者，気象学者。 30歳で時計職人から転向して，科学の実験研究を始めた。 1834年に異種金属の接触部分で，電流によって温度差が生じる現象 (ペルチエ効果 ) を発見，その後の温度測定技術，冷却技術に革新をもたらした。また 40年の静電誘導によって導体を帯電させる技術の開発でも知られる。ほかに空中電気，竜巻，高度による沸点降下の現象の研究もある。

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