Pantograph

Japanese: pantograph
Pantograph

…Both are simple in structure, but they are not suitable for high-speed vehicles because they have poor current collection performance at high speeds and the current collection is small. In the case of a trolley pole, the overhead line must be shifted manually to the direction where it branches. The pantograph is structurally more complex than the bugel or trolley pole, but the spring device can be designed to keep the pressing force against the overhead line almost constant even if the height of the overhead line changes, and it can follow the overhead line well even at high speeds, and it can collect a large current. For these reasons, most vehicles in Japan use this type of pantograph. There are various pantograph structures depending on the structure of the overhead line, the current collection, and the running speed, but the standard pantograph is assembled into a diamond shape with an upper and lower frame connected by a link mechanism to move up and down. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pantograph" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…両者とも構造は簡単であるが,高速域における集電性能が悪く,かつ集電電流が小さいため高速車両には不向きで,トロリーポールの場合,架線が分岐するところではその方向へ人為的に移し換える操作を必要とする。 パンタグラフpantographは,ビューゲルやトロリーポールと比較した場合,構造的には複雑になるが,ばね装置をくふうすることなどにより架線への押付け力が架線の高さが変化してもほぼ一定にすることができ,かつ高速でも架線との追従性をよくすることが可能で,集電電流も大きくとれることなどの理由により,日本ではほとんどの車両がこの方式を採用している。架線の構造の違い,集電電流,走行速度などの違いから種々の構造のパンタグラフがあるが,標準的には上枠と下枠をひし形に組み立て,それぞれがリンク機構で結ばれ,上下に動くようになっている。…

※「pantograph」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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