A cycloalkane. Also called trimethylene. A colorless, flammable gas. It forms explosive gas with oxygen. It is synthesized by the Wurtz reaction of 1,3-dichloropropane with zinc, or by the carbene addition reaction (Simmons-Smith reaction) with ethylene ( ). Cyclopropane has a large distortion in the carbon bond angle, so the carbon-carbon bond (CC) that constitutes the three-membered ring is a bent bond (banana bond). When the ring is opened, it releases the energy of the distortion, making it much more reactive than other cycloalkanes. It is hydrogenated at 120°C over a nickel catalyst to give propane. It reacts with bromine under a Lewis acid catalyst to give 1,3-dibromopropane, and with water to give 1-propanol. Its mixture with oxygen is used as an inhalation anesthetic.[Mukai Toshio] [References] | [Supplementary information] |©Shogakukan "> Synthesis of cyclopropane (Diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シクロアルカンの一つ。トリメチレンともいう。無色の可燃性気体。酸素と爆鳴気をつくる。合成は1,3-ジクロロプロパンと亜鉛のウルツ反応によるか、エチレンへのカルベン付加反応(シモンズ‐スミス反応)による( )。シクロプロパンは炭素結合角のひずみが大きく、そのため3員環を構成している炭素‐炭素結合(C-C)は折れ曲がった結合(バナナ結合)である。開環のとき、ひずみのエネルギーを放出するので、他のシクロアルカンよりはるかに反応性に富んでいる。ニッケル触媒上、120℃で水素化され、プロパンを与える。ルイス酸触媒下では臭素と反応して1,3-ジブロモプロパンを、また、水が付加して1-プロパノールを生成する。酸素との混合体は吸入麻酔剤として用いられる。[向井利夫] [参照項目] | [補完資料] |©Shogakukan"> シクロプロパンの合成法〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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