Cyclopropane - cyclopropane (English spelling)

Japanese: シクロプロパン - しくろぷろぱん(英語表記)cyclopropane
Cyclopropane - cyclopropane (English spelling)

A cycloalkane. Also called trimethylene. A colorless, flammable gas. It forms explosive gas with oxygen. It is synthesized by the Wurtz reaction of 1,3-dichloropropane with zinc, or by the carbene addition reaction (Simmons-Smith reaction) with ethylene ( Figure ). Cyclopropane has a large distortion in the carbon bond angle, so the carbon-carbon bond (CC) that constitutes the three-membered ring is a bent bond (banana bond). When the ring is opened, it releases the energy of the distortion, making it much more reactive than other cycloalkanes. It is hydrogenated at 120°C over a nickel catalyst to give propane. It reacts with bromine under a Lewis acid catalyst to give 1,3-dibromopropane, and with water to give 1-propanol. Its mixture with oxygen is used as an inhalation anesthetic.

[Mukai Toshio]

[References] | Alicyclic compounds [Supplementary information] | Cyclopropane (Data Note)
Synthesis of cyclopropane (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Synthesis of cyclopropane (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シクロアルカンの一つ。トリメチレンともいう。無色の可燃性気体。酸素と爆鳴気をつくる。合成は1,3-ジクロロプロパンと亜鉛のウルツ反応によるか、エチレンへのカルベン付加反応(シモンズ‐スミス反応)による()。シクロプロパンは炭素結合角のひずみが大きく、そのため3員環を構成している炭素‐炭素結合(C-C)は折れ曲がった結合(バナナ結合)である。開環のとき、ひずみのエネルギーを放出するので、他のシクロアルカンよりはるかに反応性に富んでいる。ニッケル触媒上、120℃で水素化され、プロパンを与える。ルイス酸触媒下では臭素と反応して1,3-ジブロモプロパンを、また、水が付加して1-プロパノールを生成する。酸素との混合体は吸入麻酔剤として用いられる。

[向井利夫]

[参照項目] | 脂環式化合物[補完資料] | シクロプロパン(データノート)
シクロプロパンの合成法〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

シクロプロパンの合成法〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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