The capital of Opolskie Voivodeship in southwestern Poland. In German, Oppeln. Located 80 km southeast of Wrocław, in the southern part of the Silesian Lowlands. Facing the Odra River, it developed as a key transportation point since the Middle Ages. In 1202, it became the capital of the Piast dynasty's Duchy of Opole, but in 1327 it was ceded to Bohemia, and in the 16th century it passed into the hands of the Habsburgs. In 1742 it was taken by Prussia, and in 1945 it returned to Poland. Most of the town was destroyed by German forces during World War II, but was rebuilt after the war. It has cement and machinery industries, and one of the most modern iron foundries in Europe was built here. As the educational center of the Opole region, it has educational institutions such as universities of education, economics, and industry, as well as theaters, museums, and art galleries. It is also known as the site of an annual song festival. Population: 129,946 (2002). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ポーランド南西部,オポルスキェ県の県都。ドイツ語ではオペルン Oppeln。ウロツワフ南東 80km,シロンスク (シュレジエン ) 低地の南部にある。オドラ川 (オーデル川 ) に面し,中世以来,交通の要地として発展した。 1202年,ピアスト王朝系のオポーレ公国の首都となったが,1327年にボヘミアに割譲され,16世紀にハプスブルク家の手に移った。 1742年プロシアに奪われ,1945年にポーランドへ戻った。第2次世界大戦でドイツ軍により町の大半を破壊されたが,戦後再建された。セメント工業,機械工業をもち,ヨーロッパでも特に近代的な鋳鉄工場も建設された。オポーレ地方の文教中心地として教育,経済,工業の各大学などの教育機関や劇場,博物館,美術館がある。年に1度の歌謡祭の開催地としても知られる。人口 12万 9946 (2002) 。
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