A landform that was originally a valley on land has become submerged below sea level due to subsidence of the ground or rising sea levels, forming a bay. It can be seen in ria coasts, which are a typical example of submerged coastlines. The valley before it was submerged becomes an inlet, and the ridge remains as a cape. When a deep valley is submerged in large areas, an old river valley can be seen on the shallow seabed that is the extension of the drowned valley, and this is called a continental shelf valley. Generally, the slopes near the coast are steep, with mountains directly reaching the sea. Waves converge at the cape and diverge at the inlet, resulting in spatial differences in wave strength. Caps are eroded and retreat, while inlets tend to accumulate, and on coasts made of new-generation strata with softer rocks, the coastline gradually becomes smoother and less indented. [Shigemi Takayama] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
もとは陸上にあって谷をなしていた部分の土地が、地盤の沈降または海水面の上昇などの原因によって海面下に没し、湾となった地形。沈水海岸線の代表例としてあげられるリアス式海岸にみられる。沈水以前の谷は入り江となり、尾根は岬となって残る。深く刻まれた谷が大きく沈水した場合には、溺れ谷の延長部にあたる浅海底にも古い河谷地形が認められ、陸棚谷(りくほうこく)とよばれる。 一般に海岸付近の斜面は急で、山地が直接海に迫っている。岬の部分では波が収斂(しゅうれん)し、入り江の部分で発散するので、波の強さに場所的差違を生じ、岬は侵食を受けて後退し、入り江では堆積(たいせき)傾向が卓越し、構成岩石が軟らかい新世代の地層からなる海岸では、しだいに海岸線の出入りは少なく平滑となる。 [髙山茂美] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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