Siberian Development - Siberian Development

Japanese: シベリア開発 - シベリアかいはつ

Economic construction of Russia's Siberian region. As symbolized by the opening of the Trans-Siberian Railway from 1891 to 1905, Russia's advance into Siberia began in earnest in the early 20th century, but economic development began around the time of World War II. In 1956, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union announced a development plan to promote the development of heavy industry west of the Urals, and to develop the abundant resources of Siberia east of the Urals and the Far East, and to industrialize the region. However, no specific overall plan for the development of Siberia was presented, and it was only partially realized as a regional plan. Hydroelectric power plants in Bratsk and Krasnoyarsk, pulp factories near Lake Baikal, aluminum factories, and Wrangel Port have been completed or started, and investigations and development of underground resources such as oil, gas, and non-ferrous metals are also underway. Oil from Tyumen Oblast has become the driving force of Soviet industry, replacing Baku, and has also become a major source of exports to Eastern Europe and foreign currency. However, problems included insufficient transportation between East and West, a shortage of population and labor, poor climate and natural features, a lack of industrial capacity west of the Urals to send huge amounts of machinery and equipment to the East, and inadequate policies to retain workers. In 1987, the Soviet Union adopted a Far East Development Plan up to the year 2000, demonstrating its proactive stance in developing the region, and joint ventures with Japan and other countries in lumber processing, fishing, and other areas are beginning to be established. Regionalism has strengthened since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and cooperative relationships between the former Soviet Primorsky Krai and Japan's regions along the Sea of Japan have begun to attract attention.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ロシアのシベリア地方の経済建設。 1891～1905年のシベリア鉄道開設に象徴されるように，ロシアのシベリア進出は 20世紀初頭に本格化したが，経済開発が進みだしたのは第2次世界大戦前後である。 56年，ソ連共産党の第 20回党大会において，ウラル以西の重工業の発展促進と，ウラル以東シベリア，極東方面の豊富な資源の開発とこの地域の重工業化をはかる開発計画が公表された。しかしシベリア開発の総合計画に関しては具体的には示されず，地域別計画として部分的に具体化しているにすぎなかった。ブラーツク，クラスノヤルスクなどの水力発電所，バイカル湖付近のパルプ工場，アルミニウム工場，ウランゲリ港などが完成または着手されており，石油，ガス，非鉄金属など地下資源の調査，開発も進められている。チュメニ州の石油はバクーに代りソ連工業の原動力となるとともに，東欧への輸出，外貨獲得源としても大きな力となってきた。しかし，東西の交通の不十分，人口と労働力の不足，気候風土の不良，莫大な機械設備を東に送るためのウラル以西工業力の余裕不足，労働者定着施策の不十分などが問題となっていた。 87年ソ連は 2000年までの極東発展計画を採択し，この地域の開発に積極的に取組む姿勢を見せ，木材加工，漁業などで日本などとの合弁企業もできつつある。ソ連崩壊後地域主義が強まり，旧ソ連沿海州と日本の日本海側諸地域との協力関係が注目されるようになった。

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