A general term for animals belonging to the family Opossumidae in the order Marsupialia of the class Mammalia. Members of the Didelphidae family are widely distributed in North, Central, and South America. They are arboreal, terrestrial, and rarely aquatic marsupials that are insectivorous or omnivorous. They have a long, pointed snout. Their size varies from species to species, ranging from 10 to 50 centimeters. Their front and hind legs are almost the same length, and each has five fingers. The first toe on the hind legs is large, lacks a claw, and is opposable to the other toes. Their tails are usually long, bare near the tip, and can be wrapped around objects. The shape of their pouch varies, from well-developed (northern opossum, four-eyed opossum), poorly developed (woolly opossum) with only a side wall, to no pouch at all (mouse opossum, weasel possum). The number of teats varies from as few as four to as many as 27. The gestation period is short, typical of marsupials, lasting about two weeks. Although classification methods vary among scholars, there are about 80 species, and the most representative is the northern opossum Didelphis marsupialis . This species is distributed from most of North America to northern Argentina. The head and body length is 33 to 50 cm, and the tail length is 25 to 50 cm. The tail is almost naked and can be wrapped around objects. The body hair is long and marbled on the upper side of the body, and it is black, brown, or white. The female has a brood pouch with 12 to 13 nipples. It is mainly terrestrial, but is also good at climbing trees. It is nocturnal, hiding in tree holes and rock crevices during the day. It lives alone and is omnivorous, feeding on insects, small bird eggs, fruit, small mammals, etc. The gestation period is 12 to 13 days, and the female gives birth to 8 to 18 pups, and sometimes 20 pups. If the female gives birth to more pups than there are nipples, the ones that do not latch onto the nipples will die. The newborn weighs only about 0.15 grams. A closely related species, the southern opossum D. paraguayensis , is found in South America. [Ryuji Nakazato] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱有袋目オポッサム科に属する動物の総称。同科Didelphidaeの仲間は、北アメリカ、中央アメリカ、南アメリカに広く分布する。樹上生、地上生、まれに水生の、虫食または雑食に適した有袋類である。口先は長くとがっている。大きさは種により異なり、10~50センチメートルとさまざまである。前足、後ろ足ともに長さはほぼ同じで、おのおのに5本の指がある。後ろ足の第1指は大きく、つめを欠き、他の指に対向する。尾は普通長く、先端近くは裸出し、物に巻き付けることができる。育児嚢(のう)の形態はさまざまで、よく発達しているもの(キタオポッサム、ヨツメオポッサム)、発達が悪く側壁があるだけのもの(ウーリーオポッサム)、さらには育児嚢のまったくないもの(マウスオポッサム、イタチオポッサム)などがある。乳頭の数も少ないもので4個、多いもので27個と幅がある。妊娠期間は有袋類に特有の短いもので、約2週間である。 学者によって分類方法が異なるが、約80種に分類され、代表的なものはキタオポッサムDidelphis marsupialisである。同種は北アメリカの大部分からアルゼンチン北部までに分布する。頭胴長33~50センチメートル、尾長25~50センチメートル。尾はほとんど裸出し、物に巻き付けることができる。体毛は長く、黒、褐色、白などで、体上面は霜降り状になっている。雌には育児嚢があり、中には12~13個の乳頭がある。おもに地上生であるが、木登りも巧みである。夜行性で、昼間は木の洞や岩のすきまなどに潜む。単独で生活し、雑食性で、昆虫、小鳥の卵、果実、小哺乳類などを食べる。妊娠期間は12~13日で、8~18頭、ときには20頭の子を産む。乳頭の数より多い子を産んだ場合、乳頭に吸い付けなかった子は死亡する。新生子の体重はわずかに0.15グラムぐらいである。近似種のミナミオポッサムD. paraguayensisは南アメリカに分布する。 [中里竜二] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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