A marginal sea in the northwest Pacific Ocean, separated from the Pacific Ocean by the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands. Its English name is Sea of Okhotsk. Its total area is 1,528,000 square kilometers, which is 1.5 times the area of the Sea of Japan. The southern part is deeper, with the Kuril Basin at a depth of more than 3,000 meters. In contrast, the northern part is shallower, with a well-developed continental shelf along the continental coast, which accounts for more than 40% of the total area. It connects to the Sea of Japan through the Soya Strait and Mamiya Strait, and the Amur River (Heilongjiang) flows into the northern part of the Mamiya Strait. The freezing season is usually from October to June, and sea ice can be seen. Its name comes from the Russian town of Okhotsk on the northwest coast. The main ports are Magadan on the north coast, Odomari (Korsakov) on Karafuto (Sakhalin) facing the Soya Strait, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur at the mouth of the Amur River, and there are well-developed shipping routes connecting these with Vladivostok, etc. In Japan, Wakkanai, Monbetsu, and Abashiri in Hokkaido are ports facing the Sea of Okhotsk. Exploration of the Sea of Okhotsk began with the Great Russian Northern Expedition in 1733, and in the 19th century, Mamiya Rinzo and GI Nevel'skoy each explored the Mamiya Strait and revealed that Sakhalin was an island. After the Soviet Union was established, Schmidt conducted an extensive comprehensive survey, and after World War II, a marine survey was conducted by the Soviet Academy of Sciences' ship Vichay in 1954. Combined with the fact that it has an abundance of unknown resources, this sea area has become a fraught with problems, such as territorial and fishing issues, between Japan and the Soviet Union, and since the collapse of the Soviet Union, between Russia. [Hiroshi Une] Sea conditionsThere are two ocean currents: the Soya Warm Current, which enters from the Sea of Japan and flows southeast along the coast of Hokkaido, and the East Karafuto Current (cold current), which flows south from the northwest to the east coast of Sakhalin. However, they are small in scale, and the central part is unique to the Sea of Okhotsk. Pacific Ocean water flows in through the straits in the northern part of the Kuril Islands, forming a counterclockwise gyre as a general trend. Meanwhile, the water of the Sea of Okhotsk flows out into the Pacific Ocean through the straits and channels in the central and southern parts of the Kuril Islands, and becomes part of the Oyashio Current. In winter, about 80% of the sea is covered with sea ice, making it an ice-covered sea, but from spring to early summer, the sea ice melts and the surface is covered with low-temperature, low-salinity water. The middle layer, about 50 to 100 meters deep, is characterized by the presence of cold water, which in some places can reach below -1°C, and is called intermediate cold water. The Sea of Okhotsk is a highly productive ocean with high levels of nutrients and plankton, and is known as a treasure trove of fishery organisms, including salmon, trout, cod, Atka mackerel, flounder, herring, pacific saury, squid, crab, shrimp, scallops, kelp, fur seals, seals, and whales. Additionally, the cold waters of the Sea of Okhotsk are associated with phenomena such as sea ice, sea fog, the Okhotsk Sea high, the rainy season, and cold damage, making it a noteworthy sea from a meteorological perspective. [Masaomi Akagawa] "White Okhotsk - A record of the sea of drift ice" by Kikuchi Keiichi (1973, Soei Publishing)" ▽ "The Story of the Okhotsk Drift Ice" by Kikuchi Keiichi (1987, Kyodo Bunkasha)" ▽ "The Sea of Okhotsk and Drift Ice" edited by Aota Masaaki (1989, Northern Regions International Symposium "The Sea of Okhotsk and Drift Ice" Executive Committee)" ▽ "Study on the relationship between drift ice in the Sea of Okhotsk and human life" edited and published by the Okhotsk Drift Ice Research Group (1989)" ▽ "White Sea, Frozen Sea - The Mysteries of the Sea of Okhotsk" by Aota Masaaki (1993, Tokai University Press)" ▽ "Documentary Drift Ice Coming! by Kikuchi Keiichi" (2000, Kyodo Bunkasha) ▽ Keiichi Kikuchi, A Journey to the Ice Cape of Okhotsk - The Sea of Drift Ice and 58 Lighthouses (2001, Kyodo Bunkasha) ▽ Yoshihiro Nishiaki and Hiroshi Udagawa (eds.), The Other World of the North - Ancient Okhotsk and Ice Folk Culture (2002, University Museum, University of Tokyo, published by the University of Tokyo Press) ▽ Ushio Maeda, Archaeology of Okhotsk (2002, Doseisha) [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Bathymetric map of the Sea of Okhotsk Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北西太平洋、カムチャツカ半島と千島列島によって太平洋から区別される縁海。英語名Sea of Okhotsk。総面積は152万8000平方キロメートルで、日本海の1.5倍の広さに相当する。深さは南部のほうが深く、水深3000メートル以上の千島海盆がある。これに対して、北部は浅く、大陸沿岸には大陸棚がよく発達しており、総面積の40%以上を大陸棚が占めている。宗谷海峡と間宮海峡で日本海に通じ、また間宮海峡北部でアムール川(黒竜江)が流入している。通常、10月から6月までが結氷期間で、海氷がみられる。名称は北西岸にあるロシアの町オホーツクに由来する。おもな港湾は、北岸にマガダン、宗谷海峡に面した樺太(からふと)(サハリン)に大泊(おおどまり)(コルサコフ)、アムール川河口にニコラエフスク・ナ・アムーレなどで、これらとウラジオストクなどを結ぶ航路が発達している。また、日本では、北海道の稚内(わっかない)、紋別(もんべつ)、網走(あばしり)などがオホーツク海に面する港となっている。 オホーツク海の探検は1733年のロシア北方大探検に始まり、19世紀には間宮林蔵(まみやりんぞう)とネベリスコイГ. И. Невельской/G. I. Nevel'skoyがそれぞれ間宮海峡を探検し、樺太が島であることを明らかにした。ソ連になってからはシュミットが広範な総合調査を行い、さらに第二次世界大戦後はソ連科学アカデミーのビチャージ号による海洋調査が1954年に行われた。未知の豊富な資源をもつことと相まって、領土問題や漁業問題など、日本とソ連、ソ連解体後はロシアとの間で課題の多い海域となっている。 [宇根 寛] 海況海流としては、日本海から入り北海道沿岸域を南東流する宗谷暖流と、北西部からサハリン東沖を南流する東カラフト海流(寒流)があるが、規模は小さく、中央部はオホーツク海固有の海水となっている。千島列島の北部の海峡を通って太平洋の水が流入し、大勢として左回りの環流を形づくる。一方、千島列島の中・南部の海峡や水道からオホーツク海の水が太平洋側に流出し、親潮(おやしお)の一部となる。冬は約80%が海氷に覆われ氷海となるが、春から初夏にかけて海氷が融(と)けて表層を低温で塩分の低い水が覆う。深さがほぼ50~100メートルの間の中層には、場所によっては零下1℃以下にもなる冷たい水が存在しているのが特徴で、これは中冷水とよばれている。 オホーツク海は栄養塩、プランクトン量の多い基礎生産力の高い海で、漁業生物の宝庫として知られている。サケ、マス、タラ、ホッケ、カレイ、ニシン、サンマ、イカ、カニ、エビ、ホタテガイ、コンブ、オットセイ、アザラシ、クジラなどが有名である。 また、オホーツク海の冷たい海は海氷、海霧、オホーツク海高気圧、梅雨、冷害などの現象に関連しており、気象学上でも注目すべき海である。 [赤川正臣] 『菊地慶一著『白いオホーツク――流氷の海の記録』(1973・創映出版)』▽『菊地慶一著『オホーツク流氷物語』(1987・共同文化社)』▽『青田昌秋編『オホーツク海と流氷』(1989・北方圏国際シンポジウム「オホーツク海と流氷」実行委員会)』▽『オホーツク流氷研究会編・刊『オホーツク海の流氷と人間生活とのかかわりに関する研究』(1989)』▽『青田昌秋著『白い海、凍る海――オホーツク海のふしぎ』(1993・東海大学出版会)』▽『菊地慶一著『ドキュメント流氷くる!』(2000・共同文化社)』▽『菊地慶一著『オホーツク氷岬紀行――流氷の海と58の灯台』(2001・共同文化社)』▽『西秋良宏・宇田川洋編『北の異界――古代オホーツクと氷民文化』(2002・東京大学総合研究博物館、東京大学出版会発売)』▽『前田潮著『オホーツクの考古学』(2002・同成社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan"> オホーツク海の海底地形図 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Okhotsk - Ohootsk (English spelling)
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