DNA polymerase - DNA polymerase

Japanese: DNAポリメラーゼ - ディーエヌエーポリメラーゼ
DNA polymerase - DNA polymerase

EC 2.7.7.7. An enzyme that uses a base sequence in a DNA or RNA molecule as a template and 5'-deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP) as substrates in the presence of a primer (initiator) to polymerize deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates to the 3'-OH terminus of a nucleic acid, synthesizing DNA that is complementary to the base sequence of the template nucleic acid.

Requires Mg2 + or Mn2 + . DNA polymerase I extracted from E. coli catalyzes the following reactions in addition to DNA synthesis:
(1) Diphosphate exchange reaction,
(2) Exonuclease activity.
It has a molecular weight of 1.09×10 5 , and the binding site for the four types of bases is common to one site. When digested with trypsin, it separates into two fragments with molecular weights of 7.6×10 4 and 3.4×10 4. It is present in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, mitochondria, and ribosomes of all cells. In 1970, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that synthesizes DNA using RNA as a template was discovered in an RNA tumor virus, and was named reverse transcriptase. [CAS 9012-90-2]

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

EC 2.7.7.7.DNAまたはRNA分子中の塩基配列を鋳型とし,5′-デオキシリボヌクレオチド三リン酸(dATP,dGTP,dCTP,dTTP)を基質とし,プライマー(起動物質)存在下で,核酸の3′-OH末端にデオキシリボヌクレオシド一リン酸を重合させ,鋳型核酸の塩基配列と相補性を有するDNAを合成する酵素.

Mg2+,または Mn2+ を必要とする.大腸菌より抽出されたDNAポリメラーゼⅠは,DNA合成以外に次の反応を触媒する.
(1)二リン酸交換反応,
(2)エキソヌクレアーゼ作用.
分子量1.09×105 で,4種類の塩基の結合する部位は1か所で共通である.トリプシンで消化すると分子量7.6×104 と3.4×104 に分かれる.すべての細胞の細胞質,核質,ミトコンドリア,リボソーム中に存在する.1970年,RNA腫瘍ウイルス中にRNAを鋳型とし,DNAを合成するRNA依存DNAポリメラーゼが発見され,逆転写酵素と命名された.[CAS 9012-90-2]

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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