The capital of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River, tributaries of the St. Lawrence River, in the southeastern tip of Ontario in the central south of the country. It has a population of 774,072, and the metropolitan population, including Hull, Quebec, is 1,063,664 (2001), making it the fourth largest in Canada. It is a major center of politics, economy, and culture in Canada. It is geographically located adjacent to areas where both British and French Canadians live. About two-thirds of the population are of British descent and one-third are of French descent, but only a few people do not understand English. It is a timber distribution center in the Ottawa River basin, and the city takes advantage of its abundant water and hydropower to carry out pulp, paper, flour milling, agricultural tool manufacturing, and leather industries, but industrial activity is not very active. Most of the population is civil servants, accounting for 36%, and industrial workers are only 12%. Recently, it has been attracting attention as a center of high-technology industries such as electronics, computers, and space science. It is home to the University of Ottawa and Carleton University, and is also served by two transcontinental railways. Parliament Hill is lined with government buildings, and the changing of the guard is a tourist attraction. Around Parliament Hill, there is the Art Museum, War Museum, National Arts Centre, and War Memorial. The Peace Tower, built in the center of Parliament Hill to commemorate the soldiers who died in World War I, is particularly famous. The city is well planned, has 134 parks and green spaces, and is known as a city of water and greenery. The 3-5 km wide green belt surrounding the city and the driveway along the Rideau Canal are particularly beautiful. The Dutch royal family took refuge here during World War II, and tulip bulbs sent by the royal family are planted every year as a token of appreciation, and a tulip festival is held in late May when the flowers bloom. [Shuji Yamashita] historyOttawa, where Nicholas Sparks was the first settler in the early 19th century, remained a remote area for a long time. In 1826, when the Rideau Canal was constructed to connect this area with Kingston at the northeastern end of Lake Ontario, the city was named Bytown after Colonel By, who was in charge of the construction. The canal was completed in 1832, and Bytown developed as a lumber distribution center, and in 1855 it was renamed Ottawa. In 1857, Queen Victoria established the capital of the United Provinces of Canada, which had been shifting between French and British cities since 1841, on this site along the Ottawa River, which forms the border between the two communities. In 1867, Ottawa became the capital of the newly formed Dominion of Canada, and became the center of Canadian politics as the coldest capital city in the world. [Yuko Ohara] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カナダの首都。同国中南部のオンタリオ州南東端、セント・ローレンス川支流のオタワ川とリドー川の合流点に位置する。人口77万4072、大都市圏人口はケベック州のハルを含み106万3664(2001)でカナダ第4位。カナダの政治、経済、文化の一大中心地。イギリス系とフランス系両カナダ人の双方の居住地域に接する地理的位置にある。約3分の2がイギリス系で3分の1がフランス系であるが、英語を理解しない人はわずかである。 オタワ川流域の木材集散地で、かつ豊富な水や水力を利用してパルプ、製紙工業、製粉、農具製造、皮革工業などが行われるが、産業活動はあまり活発ではない。公務員が多く36%を占め、工業労働者は12%にすぎない。最近、エレクトロニクス、コンピュータ、宇宙科学などの高度技術産業の中心として注目を集めている。オタワ大学とカールトン大学があり、二つの大陸横断鉄道も通っている。 パーリアメント・ヒルには政府の建物が並び、衛兵の交代は観光名物でもある。議事堂周辺には美術館、戦争博物館、国立芸術センター、戦争記念塔がある。とくに第一次世界大戦の戦没者を記念して議事堂中央に建設された「平和塔」は有名。都市計画がよく行き届き、市内に134の公園緑地をもち、水と緑の町として知られる。とくに市を取り巻く幅3~5キロメートルのグリーンベルトやリドー運河沿いのドライブウェーは美しい。第二次世界大戦中にオランダ王家がこの地に避難し、そのお礼に毎年同王家から贈られるチューリップの球根が植えられ、花が咲く5月下旬にチューリップ祭が行われる。 [山下脩二] 歴史19世紀初頭、ニコラス・スパークスが初の開拓者となったオタワは、長らく辺鄙(へんぴ)なままであった。1826年、オンタリオ湖北東端のキングストンとこの地を結ぶリドー運河建設にあたり、工事の責任者バイ陸軍大佐にちなんで、バイタウンとよばれるようになった。運河は1832年に完成し、バイタウンは木材の集散地として発展を遂げ、55年オタワと改名した。1857年ビクトリア女王は、1841年以来フランス系の都市とイギリス系の都市の間を転々としてきた連合カナダ植民地の首都を、二つのコミュニティの境界をなすオタワ川に沿うこの地に定めた。67年オタワは新生国家カナダ自治領の首都となり、世界でもっとも寒さの厳しい首都として、カナダ政治の中心地となっている。 [大原祐子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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