Fontanelle

Japanese: 泉門 - せんもん
Fontanelle

In newborns, the bones that make up the skull are not yet fully ossified, and the edges of each skull bone are separated, with the gaps between them being filled only by connective tissue membranes. These parts are called fontanelles. The fontanelles in the calvarium are particularly large, and are therefore called cranial fontanelles, all of which are found around the parietal bone. There are six cranial fontanelles, of four types:

(1) Anterior fontanel The largest of the fontanels, it is located at the junction of the two frontal scales (which will fuse to form a single frontal bone) and the parietal bones on both sides. In adults, it corresponds to the intersection of the coronal suture and the sagittal suture. The anterior fontanel is diamond-shaped, and the pulsation of the underlying arteries can be felt here. Palpation indicates that it will close after one to one and a half years, but anatomically, it will close after two years.

(2) The posterior fontanel is located between the parietal bones on both sides and the occipital bone, and in adults it is the intersection of the sagittal suture and the lambdoid suture. The posterior fontanel is triangular in shape with its tip facing forward, but since it is located at the back of the skull, it is also called the posterior fontanel. The posterior fontanel is said to close at about three months of age.

(3) Anterior temporal fontanelle: The anterior temporal fontanelle is a gap running from front to back along the upper edge of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, which closes in 6 months to 1 year.

(4) Posterior temporal fontanelle: Located at the top of the mastoid part of the temporal bone. Its shape is irregular, and it is said that the closure of the posterior temporal fontanelle takes one to one and a half years. In some newborns, the fontanelle may be excessive.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

Names of parts of the skull
©Shogakukan ">

Names of parts of the skull


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

新生児では頭蓋(とうがい)を構成する頭骨の骨化が未完成で、各頭骨の隣り合う縁は離れており、その間隙(かんげき)は結合組織性膜だけでふさがれている。この部分を泉門とよぶ。とくに、頭蓋冠では泉門も大きいため、頭蓋泉門とよばれるが、これはすべて頭頂骨の周囲に存在している。頭蓋泉門には次の4種6個がある。

(1)大泉門 泉門ではもっとも大きく、2個の前頭鱗(ぜんとうりん)(将来、癒合して1個の前頭骨をつくる)と両側の頭頂骨とが合する部分にある。成人では冠状縫合と矢状縫合(しじょうほうごう)の交叉(こうさ)点に相当する。大泉門は菱(ひし)形をなし、この部分では下層にある動脈の拍動に触れることができる。触診では満1年から1年半、解剖学的には2年で閉鎖するとされている。

(2)小泉門 両側の頭頂骨と後頭骨との間にあり、成人では矢状縫合と人字縫合(ひとじほうごう)(ラムダ縫合)との交叉点にあたる。小泉門は尖端(せんたん)を前方に向けた三角形状をしているが、頭蓋の後方にあるため、後泉門ともいう。生後3か月くらいで小泉門は閉鎖するとされる。

(3)前側頭泉門 蝶形骨(ちょうけいこつ)の大翼の上縁部で前後に走る間隙が前側頭泉門で、6か月から1年で閉じる。

(4)後側頭泉門 側頭骨乳突部の上部にあたる。形は不規則で、後側頭泉門の閉鎖は1年から1年半といわれている。泉門は新生児によっては過剰にできる場合もある。

[嶋井和世]

頭蓋の各部名称
©Shogakukan">

頭蓋の各部名称


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