Osborn, Henry Fairfield

Japanese: オズボーン(英語表記)Osborn, Henry Fairfield
Osborn, Henry Fairfield
Born: August 8, 1857 in Fairfield, Connecticut
Died November 6, 1935. Garrison, New York. American paleontologist. Graduated from Princeton University (1877). The following year, he went to England to study under F. Balfour and T. Huxley. He was an associate professor of natural sciences at Princeton University (1881-1883) and a professor of comparative anatomy (1883-1990), and a professor at Columbia University (1991-1935). During that time, he also served as head of the paleontology department at the American Museum of Natural History (1891-1910) and director of the museum (1908-1935). He built the world's finest collection of vertebrate fossils at the Natural History Museum, improved the display method for specimens, and contributed to the popularization of paleontology. He made research trips to various parts of North America, Africa, and Mongolia, and achieved many accomplishments in paleontology. He created the concept of "adaptive radiation," which states that as animals or plants that were originally one species spread their distribution, they undergo changes to adapt to their new living environments and become separate species, and explained the mechanism of evolution. In addition to works on paleontology such as "The Age of Mammals" (10) and "Proboscidea" (Vol. 1, 36; Vol. 2, 41), he also wrote "From the Greeks to Darwin" (1894), which deals with the history of evolutionary thought.

Osborne
Osborne, John

Born: December 12, 1929, London
[Died] December 24, 1994. Salopshire, England. British playwright. After a career as a journalist he became an actor, and made his debut with Look Back in Anger (1956), a play that attacked the British established order. This work gave birth to the term "angry young men." Many of his works portrayed unique or antisocial characters, such as Luther (61), Inadmissible Evidence (64), and A Patriot for Me (65). He also wrote screenplays for films such as The Great Adventure of Tom Jones (63, Academy Award), and television dramas.

Osborne
Osborn, Alexander Faickney

Born: May 24, 1888 in New York
[Died] May 4, 1966. Buffalo. American businessman. Creator of brainstorming (a type of meeting in which ideas are freely exchanged), a method of idea development. After graduating from Hamilton College in 1909, he started out as a newspaper journalist, and joined an advertising firm in 1915. In 1928, he founded one of America's leading advertising firms, Batten, Burton, Durstein & Osborn, and became its vice president. He also contributed to creativity education as the founder of the Foundation for Creativity Education and a lecturer at the University at Buffalo (now the State University of New York). His books include Applied Imagination (1953) and others.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1857.8.8. コネティカット,フェアフィールド
[没]1935.11.6. ニューヨーク,ギャリソン
アメリカの古生物学者。プリンストン大学卒業 (1877) 。翌年イギリスに留学し,F.バルフォア,T.ハクスリーに師事。プリンストン大学自然科学助教授 (81~83) ,比較解剖学教授 (83~90) ,コロンビア大学教授 (91~1935) 。その間アメリカ自然史博物館古生物部主任 (1891~1910) ,同館館長 (08~35) を兼ねる。自然史博物館に世界で最もすぐれた脊椎動物化石のコレクションをつくり上げて,標本の陳列方法を改良し,古生物学の普及に寄与した。北アメリカ各地,アフリカ,モンゴルに調査旅行を行い,古生物学で幾多の業績を上げた。そして,もともと一つの種であった動物あるいは植物がその分布を広げるにつれ,それぞれの生活環境に適応するように変化をとげて別々の種となるという「適応放散」の概念をつくり,進化の機構を説明した。『哺乳類の時代』 (10) ,『長鼻類』 (上巻 36,下巻 41) など古生物学の著書のほか,進化思想の歴史を扱った『ギリシア人からダーウィンまで』 (1894) がある。

オズボーン
Osborne, John

[生]1929.12.12. ロンドン
[没]1994.12.24. イギリス,サロップシャー
イギリスの劇作家。ジャーナリストを経て俳優となり,イギリスの既成秩序を攻撃した戯曲『怒りをこめてふり返れ』 Look Back in Anger (1956) によって劇壇に登場。この作品から「怒れる若者たち」という言葉が生れた。『ルター』 Luther (61) ,『認められぬ証言』 Inadmissible Evidence (64) ,『私のための愛国者』A Patriot for Me (65) など,個性的ないし反社会的な人物を描いた作品が多い。『トム・ジョーンズの華麗な冒険』 (63,アカデミー賞) など映画のシナリオ,テレビ・ドラマもある。

オズボーン
Osborn, Alexander Faickney

[生]1888.5.24. ニューヨーク
[没]1966.5.4. バッファロー
アメリカの実業家。アイデア開発法の一つであるブレーンストーミング (自由奔放にアイデアを出し合う会議の一種) の考案者。 1909年ハミルトン・カレッジ卒業後新聞記者として出発,1915年広告会社へ入社。 1928年アメリカ有数の広告会社バッテン・バートン・ドゥルスタイン・アンド・オズボーンを設立し,副社長となる。また創造性教育財団の創設者,バッファロー大学 (現ニューヨーク州立大学) 講師などとして創造性の教育に貢献。著書『独創力を伸ばせ』 Applied Imagination (1953) ほか。

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