Aichigawa River Uprising

...Within Omi, there was a complex web of small territories held by daimyo, hatamoto, temple and shrine owners, and many enclaves and allotments. According to the Bunsei Takacho, the total number of lords in the country was 248, broken down into five Imperial Household Agency families, three noble families, two daimyo families under the control of the shogunate, nine daimyo families based in Omi, 24 daimyo families from other provinces, 146 hatamoto families, and 59 temple and shrine families. As the financial situation of these feudal domains gradually deteriorated and exploitation intensified, peasant protests and uprisings became more frequent, and major disturbances occurred frequently, such as the Aichigawasuji Uprising in Hikone domain in 1761 (Horeki 11) against the ``accumulation silver tax'' system, the all-domain uprising in Zeze domain in 1781 (Tenmei 1) with the smashing of a new tax of 30 mei silver, and the peasant uprising in Koga, Kurita, and Yasu counties in 1842 (Tenpo 13) against a new tax by Ichino Mosaburo and others (the Mikamiyama Uprising).
[Water transport, land transport]
During the Kan'ei era, rice and local specialties from the northern provinces were unloaded at Tsuruga and Obama ports in Echizen Province and transported by mountain trucks to Kaizu, Shiotsu, and Moroura in the northern part of the lake, and from these places they were sent to Otsu by boat on Lake Biwa. However, with the development of the Nishimawari shipping route in 1672 (Kanbun 12), lake transport dropped sharply.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Aichigawasuji Rebellion" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…近江国内では大名，旗本，寺社領などの小所領が錯綜し，かつ飛地や相給が多く，《文政高帳》によれば国内の領主総数は248家，その内訳は宮門跡5家，公卿3家，幕領支配地代官2家，近江在国大名9家，他国大名24家，旗本146家，寺社59家となっている。これら諸藩の財政事情がしだいに悪化し搾取が強化されると，農民の強訴（ごうそ），一揆も頻発し，1761年(宝暦11)の彦根藩における〈積銀仕法〉への愛知川筋一揆，81年(天明1)膳所藩における銀30目の新税への打毀（うちこわし）をともなう全藩一揆，1842年(天保13)幕府の役人市野茂三郎らの新検に対する甲賀，栗太，野洲3郡の農民一揆(三上山騒動)など，大きな騒動がたびたび起こった。
［水運，陸運］
　北国筋の藩米，特産物は寛永年間には越前国敦賀や小浜港に荷揚げされ，山越え荷駄により湖北の海津，塩津，大浦の諸浦に運送され，これらの地より琵琶湖の舟運で大津に回送されていたが，1672年(寛文12)西廻航路の開発で湖上運送は激減した。…

※「愛知川筋一揆」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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