SINE - short interspersed element

Japanese: SINE - SINE/さいん/えすあいえぬいー(英語表記)short interspersed element
SINE - short interspersed element
Also known as short interspersed repeat elements. In the genomes of higher organisms, certain base sequences are repeated many times. These are called repetitive sequences, and there are two types: tandem repeats, where the repeats are concentrated in a specific location in the genome, and interspersed repeats, where the repeats are scattered throughout the genome. The latter interspersed repeat sequences are divided into long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short SINEs. A SINE is a specific base sequence in the genome that is copied and then inserted back into the genome. In the process of biological evolution, when a SINE is inserted into a specific location in the genome of an organism, it is passed on to its descendants. For this reason, phylogenetic relationships can be understood by analyzing the SINEs of many organisms. This method is called the SINE method, and Professor Norihiro Okada of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, who established this method, was awarded the Fujiwara Prize by the Fujiwara Science Foundation in 2006.

(Kawaguchi Hiroaki, science journalist / Kikuchi Masako, science journalist / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
短鎖散在反復配列ともいう。高等生物のゲノムには、特定の塩基配列が何回も繰り返し存在している。これを反復配列といい、ゲノムの特定の場所に反復が集中する直列型と、ゲノム内に散らばる散在型がある。後者の散在型反復配列は、長い塩基配列のLINE(ライン:long interspersed element、長鎖散在反復配列)と短いSINEに分かれる。SINEは、ゲノムの特定の塩基配列がコピーされ、これが再びゲノムに挿入されたもの。生物進化の過程において、ある生物のゲノムの特定の場所にSINEが挿入されると、これが子孫に受け継がれる。このことから、多数の生物のSINEを分析すると系統関係がわかる。この手法はSINE法と呼ばれ、この手法を確立した岡田典弘・東京工業大学教授は藤原科学財団による2006年度藤原賞を受賞した。

(川口啓明 科学ジャーナリスト / 菊地昌子 科学ジャーナリスト / 2007年)

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