(1) An Indian grammarian around 150 B.C. His birth and death dates are unknown. Around 400 B.C., Pānini of the Grammar School wrote a Sanskrit grammar in an extremely concise style. Kātyāyana (c. 250-c. 200 B.C.), also of the Grammar School, added commentary to this, and Patanjali wrote a lengthy critical commentary on it called the Mahābhāsya. This book deals with the rules of grammar, but it also contains philosophical considerations about language, and was the first to explain that the essence of language is eternal and is manifested through speech. (2) The founder of the Yoga School of Indian Philosophy, and author of its fundamental scripture, the Yoga Sutra (c. 3rd-5th century). There is a theory that he is the same person as the grammarian mentioned above, but this is questionable. [Makan Murakami July 20, 2018] "Enteru Kanakura's 'Indian Medieval Spiritual History Volume 1' (1949, Iwanami Shoten)" [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
(1)紀元前150年ころのインドの文法学者。生没年不詳。前400年ころ文法学派のパーニニはサンスクリット語の文法を極度に簡潔な文体で著した。これに対して同派のカートヤーヤナKātyāyana(前250ころ―前200ころ)が評釈を加え、さらにこれにパタンジャリが『マハーバーシュヤ』という大部の批判的な注釈を書いた。これは文法の規則を扱った書であるが、言語に関する哲学的考察を含み、言語の本質は永遠であり、発声によって顕現するという思想を初めて説いた。(2)インド六派哲学ヨーガ学派の開祖にして、その根本経典『ヨーガ・スートラ』(3~5世紀ころ)の著者。先の文法学者と同一人とする説もあるが、これには疑問がある。 [村上真完 2018年7月20日] 『金倉圓照著『印度中世精神史 上』(1949・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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