…(4) Research on collective behavior and social consciousness These are studies that have been developed at the intersection of sociology, which is interested in social structure and its contradictions and changes, and social psychology. Examples include RK Merton's theory of anomie, which clarified the relationship between social structure and deviant behavior, and NJ Smelser's theory, which formulated collective behavior as a series of value-adding processes. In addition, empirical research on class and hierarchical consciousness, political consciousness, labor consciousness, and other topics generally referred to as social consciousness can also be added here. … From [Panic]...It originates from Pan, the patron god of sheep and cattle in Greek mythology. In the narrow sense, it refers to an aimless flight from danger, and for example, N. Smelser (1930-) defines it as a "collective flight based on hysterical beliefs," and RW Brown (1915-) defines it as an "emotional and irrational flight response." A typical situation in which this occurs is a fire in a theater or movie theater. For example, in the 1942 fire at the Coconut Grove Theater in Boston, the audience rushed to the exits at once, causing a mob avalanche that killed hundreds of people. ... *Some of the terminology referenced in "Smelser, NJ" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(4)集合行動や社会意識の研究 社会構造とその矛盾,変動などに関心をもつ社会学と,社会心理学とのいわば接点で展開されてきた諸研究である。たとえば社会構造と逸脱行動の関連を明らかにしたR.K.マートンのアノミー論,集合行動を一連の価値付加過程として定式化したスメルサーN.J.Smelserの理論などがあげられる。また,一般に社会意識の名称でよばれる階級・階層意識,政治意識,労働意識などの実証研究もここに加えることができる。… 【パニック】より…ギリシア神話における羊や牛の守護神パンPanに起源をもつ。狭義には危険からの無目的な逃走を指し,たとえばスメルサーN.Smelser(1930‐ )は〈ヒステリー的信念にもとづく集合的逃走〉,またブラウンR.W.Brown(1915‐ )は〈感情的で非合理的な逃走反応〉と定義している。こうした事態が起こる典型的な状況は劇場や映画館の火災であり,たとえば1942年ボストンのココナッツグローブ劇場で発生した火災では観客が一斉に出口に殺到したため,群衆なだれによって数百名が死亡したといわれている。… ※「Smelser,N.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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