Ogonori (English spelling) sewing thread

Japanese: オゴノリ - おごのり(英語表記)sewing thread
Ogonori (English spelling) sewing thread

A red alga, a seaweed of the Gracilaria family. It has a branched plant-like body with dark red, slimy, cord-like body branches. It branches in opposite or alternate arrangements, but because many of the branches grow on one side, when hung upside down it looks like a bunch of hair, hence the Chinese names "umi-ka" (sea hair) and "tou-ka-sai" (head hair vegetable). A characteristic of Gracilaria species is that in old adults, numerous sesame-sized reproductive organs protrude from the surface of the body branches. Most grow to 15-30 cm in length, and are perennial algae that grow on rocks or gravel, thriving from spring to early summer. The body branches have a strong ability to regenerate, and broken body branches grow as they drift, and in places where they are gathered on the seabed by tidal currents, some can reach a body length of about 1-2 meters. This highly adaptable seaweed grows in both high-salinity areas of the open sea and low-salinity areas near river mouths, and is widely distributed along the entire coast of Japan. Lake Saroma in Hokkaido, the inner part of Tokyo Bay, and Lake Nakaumi in Shimane Prefecture were known as areas where it is produced in abundance, but due to land reclamation in shallow waters and water pollution, the areas where it is produced are changing. Local names for this seaweed include Ogo, Ugo, Ugonori, and Nagoya.

Currently, ogonori is widely used as an everyday food and as a raw material for making agar, but its history as a food is long, as the name ogonori appears in the 10th century book "Engishiki." Ogonori is a crunchy bright blue seaweed that is often served as a garnish for sashimi. After harvesting, it is covered with wood ash or quicklime and stored, and then soaked in boiling water before use. This causes it to turn bright blue. If it is not handled properly after harvesting, the good color will not come out. When it is used as a raw material for agar, it is particularly subjected to a decolorization process.

There are many species in the Gracilaria genus, including some that are similar to the Japanese kaba-nori, but are difficult to distinguish from the genus Gracilaria. These species are often confused, but are collectively referred to as Gracilaria for their intended use. Gracilaria species are also found in large quantities on the east coast of Africa, the Indochina Peninsula, and on both the east and west coasts of South America, and in recent years, they have been imported from these countries to Japan for use as agar. Recently, artificial cultivation of Gracilaria species has begun in these regions as well as along the coasts of the United States and Canada. In the Hawaiian Islands, Japanese immigrants have long called the locally grown Gracilaria species Ogo and eaten it seasoned like a salad, but this custom has now spread to the islands of the South Pacific, where it is enjoyed as Ogo salad.

[Moriaki Shinzaki]

Gracilis
A perennial alga that grows on rocks and gravel. It grows both in the open sea and near river mouths. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

Gracilis

Major types of red algae (1) [specimen drawings and photographs]
※Instructor: Makoto Yoshizaki ©Kanezo Otawa ©Shogakukan ">

Major types of red algae (1) [specimen illustrations and labels]

Gracilis (processed product)
It is often used as a garnish for sashimi. The photo shows the fish processed after harvesting and soaked in boiling water before use. ©Shogakukan ">

Gracilis (processed product)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

紅藻植物、オゴノリ科の海藻。暗紅色で、粘滑質の細い紐(ひも)状の体枝をもつ分岐草状体をなす。対生あるいは互生の枝分れをするが、一方に偏生する分枝が多いため、逆さにつるすと髪を束ねたようなかっこうになるので、海髪、頭髪菜の漢名が使われてきた。老成体では、体枝表面にゴマ粒大の生殖器官が数多く突出してくるのがオゴノリ類の特徴である。体長15~30センチメートルのものが多く、岩上あるいは礫(れき)上に着生する多年生藻で、春から初夏にかけて繁茂する。体枝の再生力が強く、ちぎれた体枝が漂流しながら伸長し、潮流の関係で海底に寄せ集められた所などでは体長1~2メートルぐらいになるものもある。外海の高塩分海域にも、河口付近の低塩分海域にも生育する適応力の強い海藻で、日本の全沿岸に広く分布する。北海道のサロマ湖、東京湾奥部、島根県の中海(なかうみ)などが多産地として知られていたが、浅海域の埋立て、水質汚濁などのために産地に変動がおこっている。地方名に、オゴ、ウゴ、ウゴノリ、ナゴヤなどがある。

 現在オゴノリは日常の食品として、あるいは寒天製造の原料として広く利用されるが、10世紀の書である『延喜式(えんぎしき)』にも於期菜(おごのり)の名が出ており、食品としての歴史は古い。刺身のつまによく出る鮮青色のこりこりとした海藻がオゴノリで、採取後に木灰や生石灰にまぶして保蔵し、使用前に熱湯に漬けて戻したものである。このとき鮮青色に変色する。採取後の取扱いが不適当だと、よい色が出ない。寒天原料とする場合には、とくに脱色操作を行う。

 オゴノリ属には多数の種があり、体形がオゴノリとは違うカバノリのようなものもあるが、よく似ていて区別しにくいものにシラモ、ツルシラモ、オオオゴノリなどがある。これらの種はよく混同されるが、用途上では一括してオゴノリとされる。なお、オゴノリ類はアフリカ東岸、インドシナ半島、また南アメリカの東西両岸にも多量に産するが、近年、日本ではそれらの諸国から輸入して寒天原料にしている。最近ではこれらの諸地域をはじめアメリカ、カナダなどの沿岸でもオゴノリ類の人工養殖を始めた。なおハワイ諸島では、日系移民の人たちが地元産オゴノリ種をオゴとよんで、古くからサラダ風に味つけして食してきたが、現在ではその風習が南太平洋の諸島にも広がり、オゴサラダとよばれて賞味されている。

[新崎盛敏]

オゴノリ
岩上や礫上に着生する多年生藻。外海でも河口付近でも生育する©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

オゴノリ

紅藻植物のおもな種類(1)〔標本画・標本写真〕
※指導:吉崎 誠©大多和鐘三 ©Shogakukan">

紅藻植物のおもな種類(1)〔標本画・標…

オゴノリ(加工品)
刺身のつまに利用することが多い。写真は、採取後に加工処理し、使用前に熱湯に漬けて戻したもの©Shogakukan">

オゴノリ(加工品)


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