A general term for wooden, cylindrical containers. Also called koga. Oke means a hemp container for storing umio (spun hemp thread), and in the old days, it was a wageoke, a wooden barrel made of thin cypress boards bent and bound with cherry or birch bark and with a bottom plate. It was not until the Muromachi period that it became the type of structure we see today, with long, thin boards arranged in a cylindrical shape, fastened with hoops, and with a bottom plate. Oke consists of three parts: the barrel side, hoops, and bottom plate. Generally, oke does not have a lid, but those for special purposes do have lids, and those with fixed lids are called barrels to distinguish them. The main materials used for the sides and bottom of the barrels were cedar, cypress, and sawara, with plank wood used to prevent the penetration of liquids such as sake, soy sauce, and miso, as well as salt, and beautiful straight grain boards used for those that did not require this. The sides of the barrel were shaved using a special round plane, and the pieces were joined together with bamboo dowels and hooped. Bamboo had been used for hoops since ancient times, but after the Meiji period, metal hoops came into use, and copper hoops in particular were called akatagaga and were highly favored. There are many types of barrels and various names depending on their shape and use. For example, typical cylindrical barrels come in a variety of sizes, from small bath barrels, rice-washing barrels for cooking, washing barrels, and pickle barrels to coffin barrels and large barrels for brewing. A rice bin for holding rice has a lid, but is also a type of barrel. Shallow circular barrels include hangiri barrels, and laundry basins are also a type of barrel. Oval barrels include shallow, oval-shaped tome barrels, handai (wooden stands), and deep bath barrels. A barrel with a handle on one side is called a one-handed barrel, and one with two handles and a crossbar is called a hand barrel. A okamochi barrel, which is wider and shallower than a hand barrel and used to carry food, is also a type of barrel. A fodder barrel or shoulder barrel has ropes or bamboo vines hung on it instead of a crossbar. A Tsurube (fishing bucket) is a small hand bucket with a rotating crosspiece on the handle, to which a bamboo pole or rope is attached. The need to seal, store, and transport liquid products such as sake, vinegar, soy sauce, and oil in buckets greatly promoted the development of bucket-tying techniques. However, today, with the use of metal containers and tanks, the use of buckets is almost nonexistent. [Mizuo Miyamoto] "Rice, Miso, Chopsticks, Bowl" by Miyamoto Kataro (1973, Iwasaki Bijutsusha) [Reference] | | |© Akira Kawachi Main types of barrels Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
木製で円筒形の容器の総称。コガともいう。桶は績麻(うみお)(紡いだ麻糸)を入れる麻笥(おけ)の意で、古くは、ヒノキの薄板を曲げてサクラ、カバの皮でとじ、底板をつけた棬桶(わげおけ)であった。今日みるような細長い板を円筒形に並べて、箍(たが)で締め、底板をつけた構造になったのは、室町時代になってからである。桶は桶側(おけがわ)、箍、底板(そこいた)の3部からなり、一般に蓋(ふた)は用いないが、特殊の用途のものには蓋があり、この蓋板の固着したものをとくに樽(たる)とよんで区別している。桶の材料には、桶側および底板ともに、主としてスギ、ヒノキ、サワラなどが用いられ、酒、しょうゆ、みそなどの液体や塩分の浸透を防ぐ目的のものには板目(いため)を、その必要のないものには木目(もくめ)の美しい柾目(まさめ)の板を使った。桶側は特殊な丸鉋(まるがんな)を用いて削り、タケの合釘(あいくぎ)でつなぎあわせて、箍をかけた。箍は古くからタケが用いられたが、明治以後、金属製のものが用いられるようになり、ことに銅製はアカタガとよばれて愛好された。 桶には、その形状、用途によって多くの種類、さまざまな名称があるが、たとえば、典型的な円筒形の桶には、入浴用の小桶、炊事用の米とぎ桶、洗い桶、漬物桶から棺桶、醸造用の大桶まで大小ある。ご飯を入れる飯櫃(めしびつ)は蓋付きであるが、これも一種の桶である。浅い円形の桶には半切(はんぎり)桶があり、洗濯用の盥(たらい)も一種の桶である。楕円(だえん)形の桶には、浅い小判なりのとめ桶や半台(はんだい)(板台)、深い風呂(ふろ)桶などがある。桶の1か所に取っ手をつけたものを片手桶、2か所の取っ手に横木を渡したものを手桶という。手桶より広く浅く食物の持ち運びに用いられる岡持(おかも)ちも桶の一種である。横木のかわりに縄やタケなどのつるをかけたものに飼葉(かいば)桶や担い桶がある。釣瓶(つるべ)(釣桶(つりおけ))は小形の手桶の取っ手の横木が回転式で、これに竹竿(ざお)あるいは縄がつけられたものである。桶は酒、酢、しょうゆ、油など液体商品を入れて、密封し、貯蔵し、輸送する必要から桶結(おけゆい)技術の発達を大いに促した。しかし現在では、金属製の容器やタンクなどの使用により、桶類の使用はほとんどみられなくなりつつある。 [宮本瑞夫] 『宮本馨太郎著『めし・みそ・はし・わん』(1973・岩崎美術社)』 [参照項目] | | |©河内 章"> 桶のおもな種類 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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