Italian novelist and poet. Born in the hills of the Piedmont region of northern Italy, he received most of his schooling in Turin. During his high school years, he was influenced by his teacher Augusto Monti, who was a follower of Gramsci and Gobbetti, and developed an anti-fascist ideology. He majored in American literature at the University of Turin, and wrote his graduation thesis on Whitman. In 1933, he participated in the founding of the publishing company Einaudi, and published his essays on English and American literature in the magazine Cultura. These were collected in the posthumous publication American Literature and Others (1951). On the other hand, he translated many contemporary English and American works, including those by Melville, Joyce, Dos Passos, and Faulkner, and together with Vittorini, Montale, and Cecchi, he prepared the seeds for the new literature that was to come, even under the fascist regime. In 1935, while he was editor-in-chief of Cultura, he was arrested for anti-fascist activities and exiled to a remote village at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula. The collection of poems he proofread in exile, "Tired of Work" (1936), was reorganized and published as the definitive edition in 1943. These "stories and poems" supported by a unique view of mythology are not only one of the most outstanding poetry collections of 20th century Italy, but also the basis of Pavese's later extensive collection of long and short stories. His experience in exile opened the eyes of this young intellectual from northern Italy to empathy with the climate of southern Italy and the anonymous people living there, which crystallized in the lyrical novel "Exile" (written in 1936), but was not published until ten years later in "Before the Cock Crows" (1949). This collection also includes the novel "The House on the Hill," which depicts the suffering of intellectuals in northern Italy during the Resistance. Of particular note is his first published full-length work, "The Hometown" (1941), which used the "narrative-lyric" technique and, together with Vittorini's "Conversations in Sicily" (1941), marked the beginning of neorealism literature. His full-length work "Bonds of Youth" (1947) depicts the intellectual maturity of an ignorant young man against the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War. He won the Strega Prize for his trilogy "Beautiful Summer", "The Devil on the Hill" and "A Woman's World" (all 1949). In August 1950, just after publishing his full-length novel "The Moon and the Bonfire" (1950), he committed suicide in the midst of his fame in a hotel room in front of Turin Station. His collection of short stories "August Holidays" (1946) and his mythological poem "Dialogues with Other Gods" (1947), along with his diary "The Work of Living" (1952), which was discovered after his death, constitute the pinnacle of Pavese's literary work. He also published the "Folklore/Folklore Series" through Einaudi, and his excellent skills as an editor and interactions with contemporary intellectuals are evident in his massive two-volume "Collected Letters" (1966). [Hideaki Kawashima] "The Complete Works of Cesare Pavese" 17 volumes (1969-, Shobunsha)" ▽ "World Literature 14 Pavese" (1976, Shueisha) ▽ "Anti-Interpretations" by S. Sontag, translated by Yasuya Takahashi et al. (1971, Takeuchi Shoten Shinsha) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの小説家、詩人。北イタリアのピエモンテ地方の丘陵地帯に生まれ、ほとんどの学校教育をトリノ市で受けた。高校時代には、グラムシやゴベッティを信奉する教師アウグスト・モンティの影響を受け、反ファシズム思想を培った。トリノ大学ではアメリカ文学論を専攻、卒業論文はホイットマン論。1933年、出版社エイナウディ社の創設に参加、雑誌『クルトゥーラ』に英米文学論を掲載した。これらは死後出版の『アメリカ文学論その他』(1951)に収録されている。他方、メルビル、ジョイス、ドス・パソス、フォークナーら、多数の現代英米文学を翻訳して、ビットリーニ、モンターレ、チェッキらとともに、ファシズム体制下にありながらきたるべき新文学の萌芽(ほうが)を用意した。また『クルトゥーラ』誌の編集長をしていた35年に、反ファシズム活動によって逮捕、イタリア半島の南端にある僻村(へきそん)に流刑された。流刑地で校正にあたった詩集『働き疲れて』(1936)は、43年に決定版として再編成のうえ出版されたが、特異な神話観に支えられたこの「物語・詩」は、20世紀イタリアのもっとも優れた詩集であると同時に、後年のパベーゼの膨大な長・短編小説群の母体ともなった。流刑地での体験は、北イタリアの青年知識人に南イタリアの風土とそこに生きる無名の民衆への共感の目を開かせ、それは叙情的な長編小説『流刑』(1936執筆)に結晶したが、公刊されたのは10年後の『雄鶏(おんどり)の鳴くまえに』(1949)のなかにおいてであった。この作品集には、レジスタンス期の北イタリアにおける知識人の苦悩を描いた長編『丘の上の家』が併録されている。 注目したいのは、最初に発表された長編『故郷』(1941)で、「叙事・叙情」の手法を用いたこの作品は、ビットリーニの『シチリアでの対話』(1941)と並んで、ネオレアリズモ文学の出発点となった。スペイン内戦を背景に、無知な青年の知的成熟を描いた作品には、長編『青春の絆(きずな)』(1947)がある。三部作『美しい夏』『丘の上の悪魔』『女だけの世界』(ともに1949)によってストレーガ賞を受賞。長編『月とかがり火』(1950)を発表した直後の1950年8月に、名声のさなかにありながら、トリノ駅前のホテルの一室で自殺した。短編集『8月の休暇』(1946)と神話詩『異神との対話』(1947)とは、死後に発見された日記『生きるという仕事』(1952)とともに、パベーゼ文学の極点を形成している。また、エイナウディ社に拠(よ)って「民俗学・民俗学叢書(そうしょ)」を刊行するなど、編集者としての優れた手腕、同時代の知識人たちとの交流は、膨大な量の『書簡集』二巻(1966)にうかがわれる。 [河島英昭] 『『チェザレ・パヴェーゼ全集』全17巻(1969~ ・晶文社)』▽『『世界の文学14 パヴェーゼ』(1976・集英社)』▽『S・ソンタグ著、高橋康也他訳『反解釈』(1971・竹内書店新社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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