tabula rasa (English spelling) tabularasa

Japanese: tabula rasa（英語表記）tabularasa

…On the other hand, in British empiricism, the senses are respected as the ultimate source of all knowledge, and their thought is summarized in the principle that "there is nothing in the intellect that is not already in the senses." According to Locke, our minds are like blank sheets of paper (tabula rasa), on which various ideas are written by the action of sensation and introspection. Here, sensation refers to the various pieces of information that the sense organs convey to the mind through stimulation by sensible objects in the external world. …

From the Heart

If the mind is an inherent mental phenomenon, then its origin and function must be reconsidered, and many philosophers from the late 17th century onwards devoted themselves to this issue. Famous thinkers include Locke, an empiricist who likened the mind to a "blank sheet of paper (tabula rasa) on which no writing or ideas are written," D. Hume, an associationist who considered the mind or ego to be a "bundle of ideas," and Condillac, a sensualist who declared all mental activity to be nothing more than a "transformed sensation." From this trend, the "study of the mind," or psychology, gradually emerged. However, until the end of the 19th century, all psychology was the "study of consciousness," and no one questioned the equivalence of the mind as a whole to conscious phenomena.

From the Copy Theory

…Democritus and Epicurus taught that minute images (eidōlon) flowing from things enter the senses, stimulate the mind, and give rise to perception, while Plato said that the mind is like a book, and that the intellect redraws the images (eikōn) of things received by the senses and memory and written in the mind. Since scholastic philosophy, speculation has begun that traces back from the image reflected in a mirror to the real thing, and after the 13th century, the idea of considering the mind as a sanded board (tabula rasa) has emerged. In general, the theory of imitation teaches that the mind copies and models things just as a mirror reflects things, as letters are written on a flat board, and as seals are engraved on wax, and that this copy or model corresponds to the perception of things, and this theory corresponds to the theory of cognition of common sense or naive realism. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "tabula rasa" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…他方イギリス経験論においては，感覚はあらゆる認識の究極の源泉として尊重され，その思想は〈感覚の中にあらかじめないものは知性の中にはない〉という原則に要約されている。ロックによればわれわれの心は白紙(タブラ･ラサtabula rasa)のようなものであり，そこに感覚および内省の作用によってさまざまな観念がかき込まれる。ここで感覚とは，感覚器官が外界の可感的事物から触発されることを通じて心に伝えるさまざまな情報のことである。…

【心】より

…心が固有の精神現象であるなら，その成立ちや機能を改めて考える必要があり，17世紀後半からの哲学者でこの問題に専念した人は多い。心を〈どんな字も書かれていず，どんな観念もない白紙(タブラ･ラサtabula rasa)〉にたとえた経験論のロック，心ないし自我を〈観念の束〉とみなした連合論のD.ヒューム，あらゆる精神活動を〈変形された感覚〉にすぎないと断じた感覚論のコンディヤックらが有名で，こういう流れのなかからしだいに〈心の学〉すなわち心理学が生まれた。ただし，19世紀末までの心理学はすべて〈意識の学〉で，心の全体を意識現象と等価とみなして疑わなかった。…

【模写説】より

…デモクリトスやエピクロスは，事物から流出する微小な〈像eidōlon〉が感覚器官に入りこみ，心を刺激して知覚が生じると説き，プラトンは心は〈本〉に似ており，感覚や記憶によって受け入れられ心に書きつけられたことの〈似姿eikōn〉を，知性がもう一度心に画き直すとした。スコラ哲学以来，〈鏡〉に映じた像から実物･現物へとさかのぼる思弁が始まり，13世紀以後，心を〈やすりをかけられた板(タブラ･ラサtabula rasa)〉とみなす考えが起こる。一般に，心は鏡が事物を映すように，平らな板に字が書かれるように，蠟に印形が刻印されるように，事物を模写し模像し，この模写ないし模像が事物の認識に当たると説くのが模写説であり，常識ないし素朴実在論の認識理論に当たる。…

※「tabula rasa」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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