ṭār (English spelling) tar

Japanese: ṭār(英語表記)tar
ṭār (English spelling) tar

...This single-sided drum is held in front of the player like a shield, with the left hand supporting the lower part of the frame, and the player strikes the membrane with the fingertips of both hands to produce a variety of tones and rhythms. This drum is the same type as the one called daff or tar in Arabic, def or mazhar in Turkish, but the name daira is more common in Iran, Pakistan and Arab countries. It is also known as daira in Georgia, doira in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, and daire in Albania and Macedonia in Eastern Europe.

From [Duff]

...The name corresponds to the Hebrew tōp, and historically the drum is old, dating back to ancient Israel. Today, in some regions, it is called by other Arabic names, ṭār (North Africa), riqq (Iraq), and bendīr (Morocco), but all of them are the same kind of instrument. Bendir is the root of the Spanish words pandereta, meaning tambourine, and pandero, meaning square tambourine. ...

*Some of the glossaries that mention "ṭār" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この一面太鼓は奏者が左手で枠の下部を支えて,あたかも盾のごとく前に構え,両手の指先で膜面をたたきさまざまな音色とリズムを作り出す。 この太鼓はやはりアラビア語でドゥッフ(ダッフdaff)またはタールṭār,トルコ語でデフdef,マズハルmazharと呼ばれるものと同種であるが,ダーイラの名称はイラン,パキスタン,アラブ諸国で一般的である。またグルジアではダイラdaira,ウズベキスタンやタジキスタン,アフガニスタンではドイラdoira,また東ヨーロッパのアルバニアやマケドニアではダイレdaireの呼称で知られる。…

【ドゥッフ】より

…この名称はヘブライ語のトーフtōpに相当し,歴史的にこの太鼓は古く,古代イスラエルにさかのぼることができる。今日,地域によっては別のアラビア語タールṭār(北アフリカ),リックriqq(イラク),ベンディールbendīr(モロッコ)の名でも呼ばれるが,いずれも同種の楽器である。ベンディールはスペイン語でタンバリンを意味するパンデレータpandereta,四角形のタンバリンを意味するパンデーロpanderoの語源である。…

※「ṭār」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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