Oxo synthesis, also known as hydroformylation, is a method of synthesizing saturated aldehydes with one more carbon than the original olefin by reacting olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. Usually, in this reaction, the aldehyde is subsequently hydrogenated to produce an alcohol, so the process of producing the alcohol is sometimes called the oxo process (or synthesis). RCH=CH 2 +CO+H 2 →RCH 2 CH 2 CHO→RCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH and, RCH=CH 2 +CO+H 2 →RCH(CHO)CH 3 →RCH(CH 2 OH)CH 3 The reaction proceeds as shown below. This reaction is applicable to terminal olefins C2 to C15 at temperatures of 120-200°C and pressures of 100-300 atm in the presence of a cobalt catalyst. If H2O , R'OH , NH3 , etc. are used instead of H2 , the corresponding aldehyde acid RCH2CH2COOH , ester RCH2CH2COOR ', and acid amide RCH2CH2CONH2 are produced . The oxo process was discovered by O. Rehlen of Germany (1938) and was industrialized in Germany during and after World War II, and in the United States, Britain, Japan, and other countries after the war, and was important as a method for synthesizing higher alcohols. In recent years, it has been industrially carried out under milder reaction conditions than those mentioned above using rhodium catalysts. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
オキソ合成 oxo synthesis,ヒドロホルミル化 hydroformylationともいう。オレフィンと一酸化炭素と水素を触媒の存在下に反応させて,もとのオレフィンよりも炭素数が1個多い飽和アルデヒドを合成する方法。通常,この反応ではアルデヒドは続いて水素化されてアルコールに変化するので,アルコール生成の工程までを含めて,オキソ法 (または合成) ということもある。 RCH=CH2+CO+H2→RCH2CH2CHO→RCH2CH2CH2OH および, RCH=CH2+CO+H2→RCH(CHO)CH3→RCH(CH2OH)CH3 のように反応は進行する。この反応は温度 120~200℃,圧力 100~300気圧でコバルト触媒存在の条件下で C2~C15 の末端オレフィンに適用。 H2 の代りに H2O ,R'OH ,NH3 などを作用させると,アルデヒドに対応した酸 RCH2CH2COOH ,エステル RCH2CH2COOR' ,酸アミド RCH2CH2CONH2 を生じる。オキソ法はドイツの O.レーレンにより発見され (1938) ,第2次世界大戦の戦中戦後ドイツにおいて,戦後はアメリカ,イギリス,日本などで工業化されており,高級アルコールの合成法として重要であった。近年はロジウム系触媒を用い,上記より温和な反応条件下で工業的に実施されている。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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