Joan - Joan

A teahouse designated as a national treasure. In his later years, Oda Uraku rebuilt Shoden-in, a sub-temple of Kennin-ji Temple in Kyoto, and established a retirement residence there. In 1618 (Genwa 4), a shoin study and sukiya (tea house) were completed to the north of the kuri (kitchen quarters). This sukiya is Jo-an, known as a masterpiece by Uraku, which shows his mature creativity and technique. Shoden-in was merged with Eigen-in in the Meiji period, and in 1908 (Meiji 41), Jo-an, along with the shoin study and garden, was taken over by the Mitsui residence in Tokyo, and in 1938 (Showa 13), it was moved to the family's villa in Oiso. In 1971 (Showa 46), it was moved to Urakuen Garden under Inuyama Castle in Aichi Prefecture. The gabled boards on the irimoya-style roof give it an elegant appearance, and a sleeve wall with a circular window on the left edge and a nijiriguchi (entrance door) that is not visible at the front are different from the usual tea room exterior. The interior is two and a half tatami mats in size, with a central pillar set into the hearth of the temaeza (temaeza), carved into the shape of a firelight. A triangular jiita (scale board) is placed next to the tokowaki (alcove) and the wall is angled to facilitate the host's work from the tea ceremony entrance to the guest room. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional composition is innovative, demonstrating Uraku's rich artistic ability.

[Masaaki Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国宝の茶室。織田有楽(うらく)は晩年、京都・建仁寺塔頭(けんにんじたっちゅう)正伝院(しょうでんいん)を再興し、隠居所を設けた。1618年（元和4）には、庫裡(くり)の北方に書院と数寄屋(すきや)ができあがっていた。この数寄屋が如庵であり、円熟した創意と技を注ぎ込んだ有楽の名作として知られる。正伝院は明治になって永源院と合併され、1908年（明治41）如庵は書院、露地とともに東京の三井邸に引き取られ、さらに38年（昭和13）大磯(おおいそ)の同家別邸に移された。そして71年（昭和46）愛知県犬山城下の有楽苑(えん)に移築された。入母屋造(いりもやづくり)風な屋根には破風(はふ)板が打たれて気品に富むたたずまいを示し、左端に円窓をあけた袖壁(そでかべ)をつくり、躙口(にじりぐち)を正面に現さない構えは、通例の茶室の外観と異なっている。内部は二畳半台目(だいめ)、点前座(てまえざ)の炉先に中柱を立てて板をはめ、火灯形にくりぬいている。床脇(とこわき)には三角形の地板(じいた)（鱗板(うろこいた)）を入れて壁面を斜行させ、茶道口から客室への亭主の働きを円滑にするなど、平面的、立体的構成は斬新(ざんしん)で、有楽の豊かな造形力が発揮されている。

［中村昌生］

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